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A battery charger, recharger, or simply charger, [1] [2] is a device that stores energy in an electric battery by running current through it. The charging protocol—how much voltage , amperes, current, for how long and what to do when charging is complete—depends on the size and type of the battery being charged.
From left: IEC Type 1/SAE J1772 inlet; Tesla NACS outlet; IEC Type 2 connector outlet IEC 62196 Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets – Conductive charging of electric vehicles is a series of international standards that define requirements and tests for plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets for conductive charging of electric vehicles and is ...
The connector is circular in shape, with a flattened top edge; the original design specification carried an output electric power of 3–50 kW for charging battery electric vehicles using single-phase (230V) or three-phase (400V) alternating current (AC), with a typical maximum of 32 A 7.2 kW using single-phase AC and 22 kW with three-phase AC ...
The proximity pin, PP (also known as plug present), as shown in the SAE J1772 example pinout, describes the switch, S3, as being mechanically linked to the connector latch release actuator. During charging, the EVSE side connects the PP–PE loop via S3 and a 150 Ω R6; when opening the release actuator a 330 Ω R7 is added in the PP–PE loop ...
As a result of this current, the battery absorbs a charge and its voltage rises. The charger limits the maximum voltage to U max, a constant or temperature-dependent maximum, typically around 2.4 V per cell. Once the U max voltage is reached, typically when the battery is charged to 70–80% of its capacity, [1] the charger enters the Uo-phase ...
A CCS1 (Combined Charging Standard 1) DC charging connector, which is used in North America. It is an extension of the J1772 standard AC charging connector. CCS Combo 1 vehicle inlet showing the J1772 and the two DC fast-charging pins Connectors: Combo 2 (left), compared to IEC Type 2 (right).
The battery management system on the electric vehicle negotiates the maximum current with the electric vehicle supply equipment via dedicated pins in the Type 3C connector. The Type 3 (3A/3C) connectors are generally oval in shape, with circular top and bottom edges and flat right and left edges; the maximum power carried is 24 kW.
A charge controller, charge regulator or battery regulator limits the rate at which electric current is added to or drawn from electric batteries to protect against electrical overload, overcharging, and may protect against overvoltage. [1] [2] This prevents conditions that reduce battery performance or lifespan and may pose a safety risk. It ...