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Assembled tremie placing concrete underwater Hopper, pipes and lifting cap components of a tremie concrete placement tube. A tremie is a watertight pipe, usually of about 250 mm inside diameter (150 to 300 mm), [1] with a conical hopper at its upper end above the water level. It may have a loose plug or a valve at the bottom end.
Vitrified clay pipe (VCP) is pipe made from a blend of clay and shale that has been subjected to high temperature to achieve vitrification, which results in a hard, inert ceramic. VCP is commonly used in gravity sewer collection mains because of its long life and resistance to almost all domestic and industrial sewage , particularly the ...
A culvert is a structure that channels water past an obstacle or to a subterranean waterway. Typically embedded so as to be surrounded by soil, a culvert may be made from a pipe, reinforced concrete or other material. In the United Kingdom, the word can also be used for a longer artificially buried watercourse. [1]
The energy consumed in manufacturing ductile iron pipe was 19.55 MJ per kg and volume of emissions released during manufacture was 1.430 kg CO 2 per kg, compared to 68.30 MJ per kg of energy and 4.860 kg CO 2 per kg emissions for PVC pipes, and 1.24 MJ per kg and 0.148 kg CO 2 per kg for concrete pipes of the same diameter.
It is a jointless, seamless pipe lining within an existing pipe. As one of the most widely used rehabilitation methods, CIPP has applications in sewer, water, gas, chemical and district heating pipelines ranging in diameter from 0.1 to 2.8 meters (2–110 inches).
Vertical pipes, usually made of precast concrete, called manholes, connect the mains to the surface. Depending upon site application and use, these vertical pipes can be cylindrical, eccentric, or concentric. The manholes are used for access to the sewer pipes for inspection and maintenance, and as a means to vent sewer gases.
District heating systems can vary in size. Some systems cover entire cities such as Stockholm or Flensburg, using a network of large 1000 mm diameter primary pipes linked to secondary pipes – e.g. 200 mm diameter, which in turn link to tertiary pipes that might be of 25 mm diameter which might connect to 10 to 50 houses.
HDPE pipe is a type of flexible plastic pipe used to transfer fluids and gases. It is often employed for replacing aging concrete or steel main pipelines . Constructed from the thermoplastic HDPE (high-density polyethylene ), it has low permeability and robust molecular bonding, making it suitable for high-pressure pipelines .
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