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Variable speed pumps were replaced with two-speed pumps (each rated at 35,400 US gallons per minute (2.23 m 3 /s) for a discharge pressure head of 865 feet (264 m)), and a flow control valve (adjustable from 22% open to 100% open with a linear flow response) was added to each loop for use in regulating recirculation flow (capable of regulating ...
These pumps are powered by wet-rotor motors with the housings connected to the bottom of the RPV and eliminating large diameter external recirculation pipes that are possible leakage paths. The 10 internal recirculation pumps are located at the bottom of the annulus downcomer region (i.e., between the core shroud and the inside surface of the RPV).
The forced recirculation head from the recirculation pumps is very useful in controlling power, however, and allows achieving higher power levels that would not otherwise be possible. The thermal power level is easily varied by simply increasing or decreasing the forced recirculation flow through the recirculation pumps.
The inverted U-tube bundle of a Combustion Engineering steam generator. A steam generator (aka nuclear steam raising plant ('NSRP')) is a heat exchanger used to convert water into steam from heat produced in a nuclear reactor core. It is used in pressurized water reactors (PWRs), between the primary and secondary coolant loops.
The Clayton forced-circulation steam generator does not have a steam drum in the typical sense. A series of small tubes that are part of one giant coil, usually made of steel, have feed water pumped through at great speed. The water is pumped from the top of the steam generator down to the bottom and out.
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A heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) is an energy recovery heat exchanger that recovers heat from a hot gas stream, such as a combustion turbine or other waste gas stream. It produces steam that can be used in a process ( cogeneration ) or used to drive a steam turbine ( combined cycle ).
T–s diagram of a typical Rankine cycle operating between pressures of 0.06 bar and 50 bar. Left from the bell-shaped curve is liquid, right from it is gas, and under it is saturated liquid–vapour equilibrium. There are four processes in the Rankine cycle. The states are identified by numbers (in brown) in the T–s diagram.