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Spitzer Manuscript folio 383 fragment. This Sanskrit text was written on both sides of the palm leaf (recto and verso). [1]The Spitzer Manuscript is the oldest surviving philosophical manuscript in Sanskrit, [2] [3] and possibly the oldest discovered Sanskritic manuscript of any type related to Hinduism [4] [5] [note 1] or may be Buddhism.
In India, Buddhist texts were often written in classical Sanskrit as well as in Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit (also known as "Buddhistic Sanskrit" and "Mixed Sanskrit"). [ 113 ] [ 114 ] While the earliest Buddhist texts were composed and transmitted in Middle Indo-Aryan Prakrits , later Indian Buddhists translated their canonical works into Sanskrit ...
One of the oldest Hindu Sanskrit [z] inscriptions, the broken pieces of this early-1st-century BCE Hathibada Brahmi Inscription were discovered in Rajasthan. It is a dedication to deities VÄsudeva-Samkarshana (Krishna-Balarama) and mentions a stone temple. [139] [268] The Brahmi script for writing Sanskrit is a "modified consonant-syllabic ...
The following is a list of the world's oldest surviving physical documents. Each entry is the most ancient of each language or civilization. For example, the Narmer Palette may be the most ancient from Egypt, but there are many other surviving written documents from Egypt later than the Narmer Palette but still more ancient than the Missal of Silos.
Their use continued until the 19th century when printing presses replaced hand-written manuscripts. [2] One of the oldest surviving palm leaf manuscripts of a complete treatise is a Sanskrit Shaivism text from the 9th century, discovered in Nepal, and now preserved at the Cambridge University Library. [3]
An extreme case is the Vedic Sanskrit of the Rigveda: the earliest parts of this text date to c. 1500 BC, [1] while the oldest known manuscripts date to c. 1040 AD. [2] Similarly the oldest Avestan texts, the Gathas , are believed to have been composed before 1000 BC, but the oldest Avestan manuscripts date from the 13th century AD.
The Rigveda is the oldest known Vedic Sanskrit text. [6] ... [33] [92] According to Barbara West, it was probably first written down about the 3rd-century BCE.
Essential collections of teachings of Shakyamuni Buddha, as written by his followers, three centuries later. Tripiášaka: Puranas: Historic texts (usually about a royal lineage or local legends) - written by court-appointed historians. Usually contrasted with historical descriptions in vedas, brahmanas, etc., that are written by priests.