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Spitzer Manuscript folio 383 fragment. This Sanskrit text was written on both sides of the palm leaf (recto and verso). [1]The Spitzer Manuscript is the oldest surviving philosophical manuscript in Sanskrit, [2] [3] and possibly the oldest discovered Sanskritic manuscript of any type related to Buddhism and Hinduism.
An extreme case is the Vedic Sanskrit of the Rigveda: the earliest parts of this text date to c. 1500 BC, [1] while the oldest known manuscripts date to c. 1040 AD. [2] Similarly the oldest Avestan texts, the Gathas , are believed to have been composed before 1000 BC, but the oldest Avestan manuscripts date from the 13th century AD.
One of the oldest Hindu Sanskrit [z] inscriptions, the broken pieces of this early-1st-century BCE Hathibada Brahmi Inscription were discovered in Rajasthan. It is a dedication to deities Vāsudeva-Samkarshana (Krishna-Balarama) and mentions a stone temple. [139] [267] The Brahmi script for writing Sanskrit is a "modified consonant-syllabic ...
[151] [152] [note 12] H. H. Wilson was the first to make a translation of the Rig Veda into English, published from 1850–88. [154] Wilson's version was based on a commentary of the complete text by Sāyaṇa , a 14th-century Sanskrit scholar, which he also translated.
Dated to the 1st-century BCE, the Hathibada Ghosundi Inscriptions are among the oldest known Sanskrit inscriptions in Brahmi script from the Hindu tradition of ancient India, particularly Vaishnavism. [1] [2] Some scholars, such as Jan Gonda, have dated these to the 2nd century BCE. [3] [4]
The oldest surviving palm leaf Indian manuscripts have been found in colder, drier climates such as in parts of Nepal, Tibet, and central Asia, the source of 1st-millennium CE manuscripts. [ 6 ] The individual sheets of palm leaves were called Patra or Parna in Sanskrit (Pali/Prakrit: Panna ), and the medium when ready to write was called Tada ...
Ramji Upadhyaya in his treatise on modern Sanskrit drama has discussed more than 400 Sanskrit plays written and published during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In a thesis dealing with Sanskrit mahākāvyas written in a single decade, 1961–1970, the researcher has noted 52 Sanskrit mahākāvyas (epic poems) produced in that very decade.
The Manu Smriti was one of the first Sanskrit texts studied by the European philologists. It was first translated into English by Sir William Jones. His version was published in 1794. [98] This interest in its translation was encouraged by British administrative requirements, which they believed to be legal codes.