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TCP window scale option is needed for efficient transfer of data when the bandwidth-delay product (BDP) is greater than 64 KB [1].For instance, if a T1 transmission line of 1.5 Mbit/s was used over a satellite link with a 513 millisecond round-trip time (RTT), the bandwidth-delay product is ,, =, bits or about 96,187 bytes.
A bloated buffer has an effect only when this buffer is actually used. In other words, oversized buffers have a damaging effect only when the link they buffer becomes a bottleneck. The size of the buffer serving a bottleneck can be measured using the ping utility provided by most operating systems. First, the other host should be pinged ...
The simplest guard against such problems is to increase the size of the buffer—if an incoming data stream needs to be read at 1 bit per second, a buffer of 10 bits would allow the connection to be blocked for up to 10 seconds before failing, whereas one of 60 bits would allow a blockage of up to a minute. However, this requires more memory to ...
A number of extensions have been made to TCP over the years to increase its performance over fast high-RTT links ("long fat networks" or LFNs). TCP timestamps (RFC 1323) play a double role: they avoid ambiguities due to the 32-bit sequence number field wrapping around, and they allow more precise RTT estimation in the presence of multiple ...
Pro Tools was developed by UC Berkeley graduates Evan Brooks, who majored in electrical engineering and computer science, and Peter Gotcher. [17]In 1983, the two friends, sharing an interest in music and electronic and software engineering, decided to study the memory mapping of the newly released E-mu Drumulator drum machine to create EPROM sound replacement chips.
The frame size used by an end-to-end connection is typically limited by the lowest frame size in intermediate links. 802.5 Token Ring can support frames with a 4464-byte MTU , FDDI can transport 4352-byte, ATM 9180-byte and 802.11 can transport 7935-byte MTUs.
The Video Buffering Verifier (VBV) is a theoretical MPEG video buffer model, used to ensure that an encoded video stream can be correctly buffered, and played back at the decoder device. By definition, the VBV shall not overflow nor underflow when its input is a compliant stream, (except in the case of low_delay).
In computer science, a data buffer (or just buffer) is a region of memory used to store data temporarily while it is being moved from one place to another. Typically, the data is stored in a buffer as it is retrieved from an input device (such as a microphone) or just before it is sent to an output device (such as speakers); however, a buffer may be used when data is moved between processes ...