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High phosphate levels can be avoided with phosphate binders and dietary restriction of phosphate. [5] If the kidneys are operating normally, a saline diuresis can be induced to renally eliminate the excess phosphate. In extreme cases, the blood can be filtered in a process called hemodialysis, removing the excess phosphate. [5]
Elevated alkaline phosphatase occurs when levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) exceed the reference range. This group of enzymes has a low substrate specificity and catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphate esters in a basic environment. The major function of alkaline phosphatase is transporting chemicals across cell membranes. [1]
5741 19226 Ensembl ENSG00000152266 ENSMUSG00000059077 UniProt P01270 Q9Z0L6 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000315 NM_001316352 NM_020623 RefSeq (protein) NP_000306 NP_001303281 NP_065648 Location (UCSC) Chr 11: 13.49 – 13.5 Mb Chr 7: 112.98 – 112.99 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse Parathyroid hormone (PTH), also called parathormone or parathyrin, is a peptide hormone secreted ...
Blood levels of alkaline phosphatase also increase by two to four times during pregnancy. This is a result of additional alkaline phosphatase produced by the placenta and the liver. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Additionally, abnormal levels of alkaline phosphatase in the blood could indicate issues relating to the liver, gall bladder or bones.
Hyperparathyroidism is an increase in parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in the blood. [1] [4] This occurs from a disorder either within the parathyroid glands (primary hyperparathyroidism) or as response to external stimuli (secondary hyperparathyroidism). [1]
uric acid > 8 mg/dL or 25% increase; potassium > 6 meq/L or 25% increase; phosphate > 4.5 mg/dL or 25% increase; calcium < 7 mg/dL or 25% decrease; Clinical tumor lysis syndrome: laboratory tumor lysis syndrome plus one or more of the following: increased serum creatinine (1.5 times upper limit of normal) cardiac arrhythmia or sudden death; seizure
High blood glucose concentration causes an increase in intracellular levels of glucose 6-phosphate in the liver, skeletal muscle, and fat tissue. Glucose 6-phosphate has role in regulating glycogen synthase .
Renal management of phosphate is impaired in secondary hyperparathyroidism which results in hyperphosphatemia. [4] [6] Primary hyperplasia of the parathyroid gland, results from both hypocalcaemia and increased phosphate levels by decreasing expression of calcium sensing receptors and vitamin D receptors at the parathyroid gland.
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