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Fetal hydantoin syndrome, also called fetal dilantin syndrome, is a group of defects caused to the developing fetus by exposure to teratogenic effects of phenytoin. Dilantin is the brand name of the drug phenytoin sodium in the United States, commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy.
The mechanism of action of phenytoin sodium. Sodium channels are: 1) Closed 2) Open 3) Inactive (phenytoin effect) Phenytoin is believed to protect against seizures by causing voltage-dependent block of voltage gated sodium channels. [43] This blocks sustained high frequency repetitive firing of action potentials. This is accomplished by ...
The risk of first-degree relatives developing the same hypersensitivity reaction is higher than in the general population. [ 1 ] As this syndrome can present secondary to multiple anticonvulsants, the general term "anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome" (AHS) is favored over the original descriptive term "dilantin hypersensitivity syndrome."
During pregnancy, the metabolism of many anticonvulsants is affected. There may be an increase in the clearance and resultant decrease in the blood concentration of lamotrigine, phenytoin, and to a lesser extent carbamazepine, and possibly decreases the level of levetiracetam and the active oxcarbazepine metabolite, the monohydroxy derivative. [94]
The hydantoin group can be found in several medicinally important compounds. [1] In pharmaceuticals, hydantoin derivatives form a class of anticonvulsants; [8] phenytoin and fosphenytoin both contain hydantoin moieties and are both used as anticonvulsants in the treatment of seizure disorders.
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