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Ganglioneuroma (occasionally called a "ganglioma") is a rare and benign tumor of the autonomic nerve fibers arising from neural crest sympathogonia (undifferentiated cells of the sympathetic nervous system). [1] However, ganglioneuromas themselves are fully differentiated neuronal tumors that do not contain immature elements. [2]
Nodular ganglioneuroblastoma can be divided by prognosis. [2] ... Ganglioneuroma (benign) Ganglioneuroblastoma (intermediate). Neuroblastoma (aggressive) See also.
Ganglioneuroma - a tumor of the sympathetic nerve fibers arising from neural crest cells. [ 4 ] Pacinian neuroma - a very rare, painful, benign hyperplastic tumor of Pacinian corpuscles ( mechanoreceptors responsible for sensitivity to vibration and pressure ), sometimes linked to a history of local trauma .
When molecular diagnostics are not complete enough to allow precise classification, diagnosis should be designated by appending not otherwise specified (NOS). In case of a full molecular workup which does not match any of the standard WHO diagnosis, tumors are to be labeled not elsewhere classified (NEC).
Definitive treatment for ganglioglioma requires gross total surgical resection, and a good prognosis is generally expected when this is achieved. However, indistinct tumor margins and the desire to preserve normal spinal cord tissue, motor and sensory function may preclude complete resection of tumor.
A definitive diagnosis often requires a tissue biopsy. The biopsy can be performed through an open surgical procedure or a minimally invasive stereotactic technique. [ 12 ] Histopathological examination determines the tumor type, grade, and molecular characteristics, which are critical for guiding treatment decisions.
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Malignant ectomesenchymoma (MEM) is a rare tumor of soft tissues or the CNS, which is composed of both neuroectodermal elements [represented by ganglion cells and/or well-differentiated or poorly differentiated neuroblastic cells such as ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuroblastoma, neuroblastoma, peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors – PNET ...