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Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1726/27 [a]) was an English polymath active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, alchemist, theologian, and author who was described in his time as a natural philosopher. [5] Newton was a key figure in the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment that followed. [6]
Newton, 1795 (reworked in 1805) painting by William Blake about Isaac Newton; Newton, 1995 sculpture by Eduardo Paolozzi inspired by Blake's painting; Isaac Newton Gargoyle, 1989 hammered copper sheet depiction of Newton on the exterior of Willamette Hall, University of Oregon
In his book, Roberts recounts Sir Isaac Newton's discovery of gravity (using Newton's own descriptions and notes). Newton was sitting in his yard when he noticed an apple fall from a tree. The apple fell straight down, perpendicular to the ground, and Newton found himself wondering why the apple never falls upward or off to a side.
1671: Newton–Raphson method – Joseph Raphson (1690), Isaac Newton (Newton's work was written in 1671, but not published until 1736). 1696: Brachistochrone problem solved by Johann Bernoulli, Jakob Bernoulli, Isaac Newton, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Guillaume de l'Hôpital, and Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus. The problem was posed in ...
1666–1675: Theories on optics proposed by Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1726/7); Newton published Opticks in 1704. 1687: Law of universal gravitation formulated in the Principia by Sir Isaac Newton (1642–1726/7). 1687: Newton's laws of motion formulated in the Principia. 1800: Infrared radiation discovered by Sir William Herschel (1738–1822).
1668: First functional reflecting telescope constructed by Isaac Newton. [395] 1679: Pressure-cooker: Invented by Denis Papin. [396] 1680: Christiaan Huygens provides the first known description of a piston engine. [397] 1698: Thomas Savery develops a steam-powered water pump: for draining mines [398]
The tree at Cambridge University Botanic Garden was a scion - a descendent - of the tree that was said to have inspired Sir Isaac Newton's theory of gravity. The apple tree fell in February 2022.
1672: Sir Isaac Newton: discovers that white light is a mixture of distinct coloured rays (the spectrum). 1673: Christiaan Huygens: first study of oscillating system and design of pendulum clocks; 1675: Leibniz, Newton: infinitesimal calculus. 1675: Anton van Leeuwenhoek: observes microorganisms using a refined simple microscope.