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The CGA and MDA support in the BIOS proper was maintained through the IBM PC XT and PC AT product lines (which did support option ROMs), so that those cards worked (with full BIOS support) in those machines. The first PC video adapter card that had an option ROM was the IBM EGA, introduced in 1984 with the IBM PC AT.
Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) is a successor to the legacy PC BIOS, aiming to address its technical limitations. [5] UEFI firmware may include legacy BIOS compatibility to maintain compatibility with operating systems and option cards that do not support UEFI native operation.
32-bit x86 processors themselves have two legacy modes: real mode and virtual 8086 mode. Real mode causes the processor to mostly act as if it was an original 8086, while virtual 8086 mode allows the creation of a virtual machine to allow the running of programs that require real mode in order to run under a protected mode environment ...
Super Mario Land 2 DX: 6 Golden Coins is another example of graphics hacking, which is an enhanced version of the original game that added, among others, full-color support (the original game was greyscale-only) and some quality-of-life improvements, such as fixes with screen flickering issues from the original game.
Unlike the legacy PC BIOS, UEFI does not rely on boot sectors, defining instead a boot manager as part of the UEFI specification. When a computer is powered on, the boot manager checks the boot configuration and, based on its settings, then executes the specified OS boot loader or operating system kernel (usually boot loader [ 62 ] ).
BIOS interrupt calls perform hardware control or I/O functions requested by a program, return system information to the program, or do both. A key element of the purpose of BIOS calls is abstraction - the BIOS calls perform generally defined functions, and the specific details of how those functions are executed on the particular hardware of the system are encapsulated in the BIOS and hidden ...
In x86 computers, after the BIOS executes Power-On Self Test, then a first-stage bootloader is a compact 512-byte program that resides in the master boot record (MBR) is executed. Running in 16-bit real mode at address 0x7C00, it locates the second-stage bootloader. Its primary challenge lies in accomplishing these tasks within strict size ...
UEFI firmware does not execute the code in the MBR, except when booting in legacy BIOS mode through the Compatibility Support Module (CSM). [1] The UEFI specification requires MBR partition tables to be fully supported. [1] However, some UEFI implementations immediately switch to the BIOS-based CSM booting upon detecting certain types of ...