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  2. Primary mineral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_mineral

    A primary mineral is any mineral formed during the original crystallization of the host igneous primary rock and includes the essential mineral(s) used to classify the rock along with any accessory minerals. [1] In ore deposit geology, hypogene processes occur deep below the Earth's surface, and tend to form deposits of primary minerals, as ...

  3. Placer deposit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placer_deposit

    Placer minerals are defined as having a specific gravity above 2.58. [1] The separation of the valuable minerals from the most common non-economic mineral, quartz, depends on the difference in specific gravity / density.The weathering process allows for the accumulation of placer minerals, while less dense material such as quartz are swept away.

  4. Timeline of the discovery and classification of minerals

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_discovery...

    Nickel E H, Nichols M C (2007) IMA/CNMNC list of mineral names compiled by Ernest H. Nickel & Monte C. Nichols supplied through the courtesy of Materials Data, Inc.: it updates the Nickel-Strunz 9 ed mineral identifiers, with this publication the mineral database had increased from less than 3,000 to over 4,000 mineral species.

  5. Mineralogy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineralogy

    Mineralogy applies principles of chemistry, geology, physics and materials science to the study of minerals. Mineralogy [n 1] is a subject of geology specializing in the scientific study of the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals and mineralized artifacts. Specific studies within mineralogy ...

  6. Clay mineral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay_mineral

    Clay minerals are hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates (e.g. kaolin, Al 2 Si 2 O 5 4), sometimes with variable amounts of iron, magnesium, alkali metals, alkaline earths, and other cations found on or near some planetary surfaces. Clay minerals form in the presence of water [1] and have been important to life, and many theories of abiogenesis ...

  7. Mineral - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral

    In geology and mineralogy, a mineral or mineral species is, broadly speaking, a solid substance with a fairly well-defined chemical composition and a specific crystal structure that occurs naturally in pure form. [1] [2] The geological definition of mineral normally excludes compounds that occur only in living organisms.

  8. Rock cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_cycle

    This diamond is a mineral from within an igneous or metamorphic rock that formed at high temperature and pressure. The rock cycle is a basic concept in geology that describes transitions through geologic time among the three main rock types: sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. Each rock type is altered when it is forced out of its ...

  9. Hydrothermal mineral deposit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrothermal_mineral_deposit

    A mineral ore deposit is the volume of rock that can be mined at a profit. [7] Therefore, there are many variants that can define whether a mineral deposit is profitable or not, such as price, tonnage, or location. Mineral commodities can be classified as metals or non-metals. [2]