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Cloture (UK: US: / ˈ k l oʊ tʃ ər /, [1] [2] also UK: / ˈ k l oʊ tj ʊər /), [3] closure [4] or, informally, a guillotine, [4] is a motion or process in parliamentary procedure aimed at bringing debate to a quick end. The cloture procedure originated in the French National Assembly, from which the name is taken. Clôture is French for ...
The first cloture vote occurred in 1919 to end debate on the Treaty of Versailles. Although cloture was invoked, the treaty was then rejected against the wishes of the cloture rule's first champion, President Wilson. [24] During the 1930s, Senator Huey Long of Louisiana used long filibusters to promote his populist policies.
In the United States Senate, the nuclear option is a parliamentary procedure that allows the Senate to override a standing rule by a simple majority, avoiding the two-thirds [1] supermajority normally required to invoke cloture on a measure amending the Standing Rules.
Using his power to invoke cloture — a process limiting debate and setting a 30-hour window before a final vote must ... he can invoke a Senate rule that would skip a committee hearing and send ...
Cloture is invoked very rarely, particularly because bipartisan support is usually necessary to obtain the required supermajority. If the Senate does invoke cloture, debate does not end immediately; instead, further debate is limited to thirty additional hours unless increased by another three-fifths vote.
Senate rules permit a senator or senators to speak for as long as they wish and on any topic they choose, unless "three-fifths of the Senators duly chosen and sworn" [56] (usually 60 out of 100 senators) bring debate to a close by invoking cloture under Senate Rule XXII. Even if a filibuster attempt is unsuccessful, the process takes floor time ...
Apart from these constitutional requirements, a Senate rule (except in cases covered by the nuclear option, or of a rule change) requires an absolute supermajority of three-fifths to move to a vote through a cloture motion, which closes debate on a bill or nomination, thus ending a filibuster by a minority of members. In current practice, the ...
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