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Also, Korean phonology is characterized by a complex system of classification and pronunciation rules that play a crucial role in the language's phonetic and phonological structure. This article is a technical description of the phonetics and phonology of Korean.
The Korean language has diverged between North and South Korea due to the length of time that the two states have been separated. [1]The Korean Language Society in 1933 made the "Proposal for Unified Korean Orthography" (Korean: 한글 맞춤법 통일안; RR: Hangeul Matchumbeop Tong-iran), which continued to be used by both Korean states after the end of Japanese rule in 1945.
The merger of /u/ and /ɯ/ and /o/ and /ə/ is a newly emergent areal feature in North Korean dialects since the mid-twentieth century, also shared by the modern Pyongan dialect. [1] Many instances of /o/ in Standard Korean, especially in grammatical constructions, are /u~ɯ/ in Hamgyŏng.
Found in Standard Korean as an informal imperative marker. In modern North Korean dialects, /l/ may be nasalized to /n/. In Onsŏng, the variant -na is common; in Hoeryŏng, -ne. [57] 구려-kwulye: An unusual marker restricted to mothers speaking to their children, attested from Koryo-saram sources. [58] 깁소-kipswo: Propositive: Formal
South Korean authors claim that the standard language (pyojun-eo or pyojun-mal) of both South Korea and North Korea is based on the dialect of the area around Seoul (which, as Hanyang, was the capital of Joseon-era Korea for 500 years), but since 1966, North Korea officially states that its standard is based on the Pyongyang speech.
An example of North Korean standard language as spoken by the translator and Kim Jong Un at the 2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit. North Korean standard language or Munhwaŏ (Korean: 문화어; Hancha: 文化語; lit. "cultural language") is the North Korean standard version of the Korean language. Munhwaŏ was adopted as the ...
Many loanwords have been purged from the North Korean standard, while South Korea has expanded Sino-Korean vocabulary and adopted loanwords, especially from English. [20] [21] Nonetheless, due to its origin in the Seoul dialect, the North Korean standard language is easily intelligible to all South Koreans. [18] [22]
During the North's brief use of the initial sound rule, the Sino-Korean term "領導者" (leader) is spelled using the initial sound rule: 영도자 yeongdoja instead of ryeongdoja 령도자. In native Korean words, ㄹ r does not occur word initially, unlike in Chinese loans. As confirmed in literature from as early the 16th century ...