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Military forces from many countries have provided support to scientific expeditions and bases in Antarctica. Notable operations and expeditions have included: Commander James Cook's second voyage (United Kingdom, 1773) USS Vincennes' surveys of Antarctica (United States, 1839 and 1840)
The main treaty was opened for signature on 1 December 1959, and officially entered into force on 23 June 1961. [4] The original signatories were the 12 countries active in Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1957–58: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States. [1]
The United States maintains the southernmost base, Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, and the largest base and research station in Antarctica, McMurdo Station. The second-southernmost base is the Chinese Kunlun Station at 80°25′2″S during the summer season, and the Russian Vostok Station at 78°27′50″S during the winter season.
Seven sovereign states – Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom – have made eight territorial claims in Antarctica.These countries have tended to place their Antarctic scientific observation and study facilities within their respective claimed territories; however, a number of such facilities are located outside of the area claimed by their ...
The United States is the largest operator of military bases abroad, with 38 "named bases" [note 1] with active duty, national guard, reserve, or civilian personnel as of September 30, 2014. Its largest, in terms of personnel, was Ramstein AB in Germany, with almost 9,200 personnel.
Pages in category "Military in Antarctica" The following 8 pages are in this category, out of 8 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. A.
List of countries by number of military and paramilitary personnel; List of countries without armed forces; List of militaries that recruit foreigners; List of armies by country; List of navies; List of air forces; List of gendarmeries; List of space forces, units, and formations; List of military special forces units; List of active rebel groups
As military forces around the world are constantly changing in size, no definitive list can ever be compiled. All of the 172 countries listed here, especially those with the highest number of total soldiers such as the two Koreas and Vietnam , include a large number of paramilitaries, civilians and policemen in their reserve personnel.