Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The ciliospinal reflex (pupillary-skin reflex) consists of dilation of the ipsilateral pupil in response to pain applied to the neck, face, and upper trunk. If the right side of the neck is subjected to a painful stimulus, the right pupil dilates (increases in size 1-2mm from baseline).
The SCG receives pre-ganglionic sympathetic afferents from the ciliospinal center which synapse in the ganglion. Post-ganglionic efferents then leave the SCG and join the internal carotid nerve plexus of the internal carotid artery, accompanying first this artery and subsequently its branches to reach the orbit and ultimately innervate the dilator pupillae muscle to mediate pupillary dilatation.
Such images are liable to produce inferior results when scaled to different sizes (as well as possibly being very inefficient in file size). If appropriate to do so, they should be replaced with images created using vector graphics. Note: This template is only supposed to be used if the SVG file mixes vector and raster graphics.
The ciliospinal center (also known as Budge's center [1]) is a cluster of [citation needed] pre-ganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies located in the intermediolateral cell column (of the cornu laterale) at spinal cord segment (C8: Anatomic variation) T1-T2 [2]
The pupillary reflex results in the pupil constricting (left) and dilating (right) These include the pupillary light reflex and accommodation reflex . Although the pupillary response , in which the pupil dilates or constricts due to light is not usually called a "reflex", it is still usually considered a part of this topic.
Gaze-stabilising movement may include the vestibulo-ocular reflex and optokinetic reflex, and gaze-shifting mechanisms as saccades and pursuit movements. Vergence movement or convergence is the movement of both eyes to make sure that the image of the object being looked at falls on the corresponding spot on both retinas.
Adie syndrome is a fairly common, benign, idiopathic neuropathy that selectively affects the ciliary ganglion and the spinal cord neurons involved in deep tendon reflex arcs. It usually develops in middle age, although it can occur in children. A variant of Adie syndrome, Ross syndrome, affects sweating as well.
The reflex of producing goose bumps is known as piloerection or the pilomotor reflex, or, more traditionally, [6] horripilation. It occurs in many mammals ; a prominent example is porcupines , [ 7 ] which raise their quills when threatened, or sea otters when they encounter sharks or other predators.