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A facsimile of the signature-and-seals page of the 1864 Geneva Convention, which established humane rules of war. The original document in single pages, 1864 [1]. The Geneva Conventions are international humanitarian laws consisting of four treaties and three additional protocols that establish international legal standards for humanitarian treatment in war.
Protocol I (also Additional Protocol I and AP I) [4] is a 1977 amendment protocol to the Geneva Conventions concerning the protection of civilian victims of international war, including "armed conflicts in which peoples are fighting against colonial domination, alien occupation or racist regimes". [5] In practice, Additional Protocol I updated ...
Conventions I–IV and Protocols I and II ratified as the Soviet Union. Declaration under Article 90 of Protocol 1 withdrawn in 2019. [34] [35] Rwanda: 1964 1984 1984 — 1993 Saint Kitts and Nevis: 1986 1986 1986 — 2014 Saint Lucia: 1981 1982 1982 — — Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: 1981 1983 1983 — 2013 Samoa: 1984 1984 1984 — —
Protocol III is a 2005 amendment protocol to the Geneva Conventions relating to the Adoption of an Additional Distinctive Emblem. Under the protocol, the protective sign of the Red Crystal may be displayed by medical and religious personnel at times of war, instead of the traditional Red Cross or Red Crescent symbols.
Geneva Protocol to Hague Convention at Wikisource The Protocol for the Prohibition of the Use in War of Asphyxiating, Poisonous or other Gases, and of Bacteriological Methods of Warfare , usually called the Geneva Protocol , is a treaty prohibiting the use of chemical and biological weapons in international armed conflicts .
The Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War was adopted in 1949. In addition, there are three additional amendment protocols to the Geneva Convention: Protocol I (1977): Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed ...
Article 8(2)(b)(iv) draws on the principles in Article 51(5)(b) of the 1977 Additional Protocol I to the 1949 Geneva Conventions, but restricts the criminal prohibition to cases that are "clearly" excessive. The application of Article 8(2)(b)(iv) requires, inter alia, an assessment of: (a) the anticipated civilian damage or injury;
The Fourth Geneva Convention only concerns protected civilians in occupied territory rather than the effects of hostilities, such as the strategic bombing during World War II. [4] The 1977 Additional Protocol 1 to the Geneva Conventions (AP-1) prohibits all intentional attacks on "the civilian population and civilian objects."