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All launch vehicle propulsion systems employed to date have been chemical rockets falling into one of three main categories: Solid-propellant rockets or solid-fuel rockets have a motor that uses solid propellants , typically a mix of powdered fuel and oxidizer held together by a polymer binder and molded into the shape of a hollow cylinder.
A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed on September 4, 2024, by the Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology (RRCAT) and the Liquid Propulsion System Centre (LPSC) to jointly develop propulsion technology capable of lifting up to 30 tonnes and conveniently transporting bigger payloads to space and the moon. Eighteen to twenty-four ...
For rocket-like propulsion systems, this is a function of mass fraction and exhaust velocity; mass fraction for rocket-like systems is usually limited by propulsion system weight and tankage weight. [ citation needed ] For a system to achieve this limit, the payload may need to be a negligible percentage of the vehicle, and so the practical ...
In May 1946, the U.S. Air Force launched the Nuclear Energy for Propulsion of Aircraft (NEPA) project to explore the potential of nuclear energy for powering aircraft. [13] [14] This initiative led to a collaborative effort of the Air Force and the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) known as the Aircraft Nuclear Propulsion (ANP) program, aimed at developing nuclear propulsion systems for ...
Another propulsion system that may be used is ion propulsion. Project Longshot Nuclear Fission Engine schematic As for future developments, the theoretical possibilities of nuclear based propulsion have been analyzed over 60 years ago, such as nuclear fusion ( Project Daedalus ) and nuclear pulse propulsion ( Project Longshot ), [ 35 ] but have ...
Rocket Flight number Launch site LSP; Payload (⚀ = CubeSat) Operator Orbit Function Decay (UTC) Outcome Remarks March (TBD) [1] SLS Block 1B Kennedy LC-39B: NASA: Artemis 5: NASA: Selenocentric Crewed lunar landing ESPRIT Refueling Module (ERM) ESA: Selenocentric Lunar Gateway component Lunar Terrain Vehicle: NASA: Selenocentric to lunar surface
Atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion, or air-breathing electric propulsion, shortly ABEP, [1] is a propulsion technology for spacecraft, which could allow thrust generation in low orbits without the need of on-board propellant, by using residual gases in the atmosphere as propellant. Atmosphere-breathing electric propulsion could make a new ...
Themis is expected to provide valuable information on the economic value of reusability for the European government space program and develop technologies for potential use on future European launch vehicles. [1] [non-primary source needed] Themis will be powered by the ESA's Prometheus rocket engine. [1]