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Psychoactive drugs, such as alcohol, caffeine, amphetamine, mescaline, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), cannabis, chloral hydrate, theophylline, IBMX and others, have been studied on certain animals. It is believed that plants developed caffeine as a chemical defense against insects. [1]
The Monkey Drug Trials of 1969 were a series of controversial animal testing experiments that were conducted on primates to study the effects of various psychoactive substances. The trials shed light on the profound effects of drug addiction and withdrawal in primates, pioneering critical insights into human substance abuse.
The test can detect antipsychotic-like activity both in the case of dopamine D 2 receptor antagonists and in the case of drugs lacking D 2 receptor antagonism. [1] [2] [6] The occupancy of the D 2 receptor by antagonists of this receptor required to inhibit the CAR is around 65 to 80%, which is similar to the occupancy at which therapeutic antipsychotic effects occur in humans with these drugs.
The higher the frequency with which a test animal emits the operant behavior, the more rewarding (and addictive), the test substance is considered. Self-administration of addictive drugs has been studied using humans, [ 1 ] non-human primates, [ 2 ] mice, [ 3 ] invertebrates such as ants, and, most commonly, rats.
[45] [46] [47] As the millipede secretions are also psychoactive, the behavior may also be a form of recreational drug use in animals. [48] [49] Tufted capuchins (Cebus apella) rub various parts of their body with carpenter ants (Camponotus rufipes) or allow the ants to crawl over them, in a behaviour called anting. The capuchins often combine ...
Several non-human animal species are said to engage in apparent recreational drug use, that is, the intentional ingestion of psychoactive substances in their environment for pleasure, though claims of such behavior in the wild are often controversial. [1]
The U.S. Supreme Court tackled a case on Tuesday involving a New York state man who was fired from his job as a commercial truck driver for failing a drug test after taking cannabidiol, or CBD ...
Articles related to animal testing, the use of non-human animals in experiments that seek to control the variables that affect the behavior or biological system under study. Experimental research with animals is usually conducted in universities, medical schools, pharmaceutical companies, defense establishments, and commercial facilities that ...