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A jury trial, or trial by jury, is a legal proceeding in which a jury makes a decision or findings of fact. It is distinguished from a bench trial, in which a judge or panel of judges makes all decisions. Jury trials are increasingly used in a significant share of serious criminal cases in many common law judicial systems, but not all.
A citizen's right to a trial by jury is a central feature of the United States Constitution. [1] It is considered a fundamental principle of the American legal system. Laws and regulations governing jury selection and conviction/acquittal requirements vary from state to state (and are not available in courts of American Samoa), but the fundamental right itself is mentioned five times in the ...
The right to a jury trial has been enshrined in English law since Magna Carta in 1215, and is most common in serious cases, although the defendant can insist on a jury trial for most criminal cases. Jury trials in complex fraud cases have been described by some members and appointees of the Labour Party as expensive and time-consuming. [ 142 ]
Jury instructions, also known as charges or directions, are a set of legal guidelines given by a judge to a jury in a court of law. They are an important procedural step in a trial by jury , and as such are a cornerstone of criminal process in many common law countries .
United States v. Wonson (1812) established the historical test, which interpreted the amendment as relying on English common law to determine whether a jury trial was necessary in a civil suit. The amendment thus does not guarantee trial by jury in cases under maritime law, in lawsuits against the government itself, and for many parts of patent ...
The state law allowing an accused person to waive a trial by jury has been in place since 1929. The practice is also dictated by a state Superior Court rule of criminal procedure, ...
(The Center Square) – Knowledge of unlawfulness is one of the issues that Judge John Robert Blakey expects to clarify when he prepares jury instructions at the bribery and racketeering trial of ...
The right to trial by jury is embedded in the U.S. Constitution, and it is a vital protection against the abuses of political power claimed by the former president and feared by those who dread ...