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Porosity or void fraction is a measure of ... Consolidated rocks (e.g., sandstone, shale, granite or ... Typical bulk density of sandy soil is between 1.5 and 1.7 ...
Shale is a fine-grained, clastic sedimentary rock formed from mud that is a mix of flakes of clay minerals (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g., kaolin, Al 2 Si 2 O 5 4) and tiny fragments (silt-sized particles) of other minerals, especially quartz and calcite. [1]
Log effective porosity. In essence, total porosity minus shale water, where solid minerals and the volume of shale (Vsh) constitute the matrix (non-effective porosity) and the remaining volume constitutes the effective porosity.
In the first 1000 m of burial depth, rock salt has a higher density compared with other rocks such as shale. When the buried material reaches a critical depth of 1.2-1.3 km, the density of rock salt and other rocks are roughly the same, where neutral buoyancy is reached. Starting from 1.3-1.5 km below the surface, the density of other rocks ...
Hence, a significant portion of clay minerals and silt-size particles results in a fine-grained sandstone with higher density and rock complexity. [19] The shale/clay volume is an essential petrophysical parameter to estimate since it contributes to the rock bulk volume, and for correct porosity and water saturation, evaluation needs to be ...
Neutron porosity measurement employs a neutron source to measure the hydrogen index in a reservoir, which is directly related to porosity. The Hydrogen Index (HI) of a material is defined as the ratio of the concentration of hydrogen atoms per cm 3 in the material, to that of pure water at 75 °F.
In geology, bulk density is a function of the density of the minerals forming a rock (i.e. matrix) and the fluid enclosed in the pore spaces. This is one of three well logging tools that are commonly used to calculate porosity, the other two being sonic logging and neutron porosity logging
Much of the porosity in these shales is found to be hosted within the kerogen, rather than between mineral grains as occurs in conventional reservoir rocks. [9] [10] Thus, kerogen controls much of the storage and transport of oil and gas in shale. [9]