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Last names in Kashmir were created and taken on, on the basis of tribal (caste) backgrounds. [2] The Brahmins in the region were tribally divided further into 103 gotras. [2] Each gotra was further divided into distinctive krams. A kram is often the relic of a nickname applied to the ancestor of the subdivision. [2]
According to folk etymology, the name "Kashmir" means "desiccated land" (from the Sanskrit: ka = water and shimīra = desiccate). [2] In the Rajatarangini, a history of Kashmir written by Kalhana in the mid-12th century, it is stated that the valley of Kashmir was formerly a lake.
Razdan (Kashmiri: राज़दान, رازدان) is a Kashmiri Pandit surname and clan that refers to the royal or aristocratic Brahmin bloodline of old Kashmir, now the Kashmir Valley of Jammu and Kashmir, India. [1] [2] [3] Razdan, along with Kak is the oldest surname in Kashmir's history. [4]
Dhar is an Indian surname. It is commonly found among the Hindu Bengali Kayastha and Baniks including Subarnabanik community in Bengal region. [1] [2] [3] Dhar or Dar is also used by some Kashmiri and Punjabi-Kashmiri clans and communities [4] [5] [6] native to the Kashmir Valley and Punjab, and common today [4] among Kashmiri Hindus [7] and Kashmiri Muslims.
Hindu Kashmiris and Muslim Kashmiris living in the Kashmir Valley of Jammu and Kashmir, India and other parts of the country and the world are from the same ethnic stock. Following is a list of Kashmiri surnames.
Rinchan Shah (Kashmiri: رنژھن شاہ, Persian: رِنچَن شَاہ), born as Lhachen Rinchan Bhoti and also known by his titular name Sadr'ud-Din Shah, [2] was the founder and the first Sultan of the Sultanate of Kashmir from 1320 to 1323.
The Kashmiri Pandits, the only Hindus of the Kashmir valley, who had stably constituted approximately 4 to 5% of the population of the valley during Dogra rule (1846–1947), and 20% of whom had left the Kashmir valley to other parts of India in the 1950s, [68] underwent a complete exodus in the 1990s due to the Kashmir insurgency. According to ...
The Chak or Chaq dynasty (Kashmiri: چاک خاندان) was a Kashmiri dynasty of Dardic origin [1] [2] that ruled over the Kashmir sultanate in medieval Kashmir after the Shah Mir dynasty. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The dynasty rose to power in 1561 in Srinagar [ 5 ] after the death of the Turco-Mongol military general, Mirza Haidar Dughlat [ 6 ] [ 7 ] when ...