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  2. Sine wave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sine_wave

    Tracing the y component of a circle while going around the circle results in a sine wave (red). Tracing the x component results in a cosine wave (blue). Both waves are sinusoids of the same frequency but different phases. A sine wave, sinusoidal wave, or sinusoid (symbol: ∿) is a periodic wave whose waveform (shape) is the trigonometric sine ...

  3. Sinusoidal model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinusoidal_model

    This sinusoidal model can be fit using nonlinear least squares; to obtain a good fit, routines may require good starting values for the unknown parameters. Fitting a model with a single sinusoid is a special case of spectral density estimation and least-squares spectral analysis .

  4. Signal-to-noise ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio

    Assuming a full-scale sine wave signal (that is, the quantizer is designed such that it has the same minimum and maximum values as the input signal), the quantization noise approximates a sawtooth wave with peak-to-peak amplitude of one quantization level [11] and uniform distribution. In this case, the SNR is approximately

  5. Electromagnetic wave equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_wave_equation

    The simplest set of solutions to the wave equation result from assuming sinusoidal waveforms of a single frequency in separable form: (,) = {()} where i is the imaginary unit, ω = 2π f is the angular frequency in radians per second,

  6. Phase (waves) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_(waves)

    When two signals with these waveforms, same period, and opposite phases are added together, the sum + is either identically zero, or is a sinusoidal signal with the same period and phase, whose amplitude is the difference of the original amplitudes. The phase shift of the co-sine function relative to the sine function is +90°.

  7. Short-time Fourier transform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-time_Fourier_transform

    The short-time Fourier transform (STFT) is a Fourier-related transform used to determine the sinusoidal frequency and phase content of local sections of a signal as it changes over time. [1] In practice, the procedure for computing STFTs is to divide a longer time signal into shorter segments of equal length and then compute the Fourier ...

  8. Envelope (waves) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Envelope_(waves)

    A modulated wave resulting from adding two sine waves of identical amplitude and nearly identical wavelength and frequency. A common situation resulting in an envelope function in both space x and time t is the superposition of two waves of almost the same wavelength and frequency: [2]

  9. Waveform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waveform

    A sine, square, and sawtooth wave at 440 Hz A composite waveform that is shaped like a teardrop. A waveform generated by a synthesizer. In electronics, acoustics, and related fields, the waveform of a signal is the shape of its graph as a function of time, independent of its time and magnitude scales and of any displacement in time.