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Chalcedony (/ k æ l ˈ s ɛ d ə n i / kal-SED-ə-nee or / ˈ k æ l s ə ˌ d oʊ n i / KAL-sə-doh-nee) [2] is a cryptocrystalline form of silica, composed of very fine intergrowths of quartz and moganite. [3]
The Good Shepherd, c. 300–350, at the Catacombs of Domitilla, Rome. The Good Shepherd (Greek: ποιμὴν ὁ καλός, poimḗn ho kalós) is an image used in the pericope of John 10:1–21, in which Jesus Christ is depicted as the Good Shepherd who lays down his life for his sheep. Similar imagery is used in Psalm 23 and Ezekiel 34:11–16.
The use of metal was less common. When the inscription is properly cut into the stone, it is called a titulus or marble; if merely scratched on the stone, the Italian word graffito is used; a painted inscription is called dipinto, and a mosaic inscription—such as those found largely in North Africa, Spain, and the East—are called opus musivum.
The Greek and Latin names are taken from the river Achates (the modern Dirillo), in Sicily, where this stone was first found (Theophrastus, "De lapid.", 38; Pliny, "Hist. nat.", XXXVII, liv). The stone belongs to the silex family (chalcedony species) and is formed by deposits of siliceous beds in hollows of rocks. This mode of formation results ...
Chalcedon was an episcopal see at an early date and several Christian martyrs are associated with Chalcedon: The virgin St. Euphemia and her companions in the early 4th century; the cathedral of Chalcedon was consecrated to her. St. Sabel the Persian and his companions. It was the site of various ecclesiastical councils.
The phoenix, a pagan symbol, is used to symbolize the Resurrection; [75] Hercules in the Garden of Hesperides symbolizes Adam, Eve, and the Serpent in the garden of Eden; [76] the most famous symbol of the catacombs, the Good Shepherd is sometimes shown as Christ, but sometimes as the Greek figure Orpheus. [75]
An archaeological find in Mexico revealed a stone slab with 123 hieroglyphic symbols that, in part, describe the founding of a town in 569 AD. The slab was located on the floor of what was once a ...
The wall paintings in this catacomb include images of saints and early Christian symbols, such as the painting reproduced in Giovanni Gaetano Bottari's folio of 1754, where the Good Shepherd is depicted as feeding the lambs, with a crowing cock on his right and left hand. [5] Fractio Panis