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When lead-free solder is used in wave soldering, a slightly modified solder pot may be desirable (e.g. titanium liners or impellers) to reduce maintenance cost due to increased tin-scavenging of high-tin solder. Lead-free solder is prohibited in critical applications, such as aerospace, military and medical projects, because joints are likely ...
Soldering copper pipes using a propane torch and a lead-free solder. Solder is a metallic material that is used to connect metal workpieces. The choice of specific solder alloys depends on their melting point, chemical reactivity, mechanical properties, toxicity, and other properties. Hence a wide range of solder alloys exist, and only major ...
Additionally, tin is a more corrosive metal, and can eventually lead to the failure of solder baths [clarification needed]. [36] Lead-free construction has also extended to components, pins, and connectors. Most of these pins used copper frames, and either lead, tin, gold or other finishes. Tin finishes are the most popular of lead-free finishes.
For example, tin-lead solder [5] attaches very well to copper metal, but poorly to its oxides, which form quickly at soldering temperatures. By preventing the formation of metal oxides, flux enables the solder to adhere to the clean metal surface, rather than forming beads, as it would on an oxidized surface.
The most common dip soldering operations use zinc-aluminum and tin-lead solders. Solder pot metal: cast iron or steel, electrically heated. Bath temperature: 220 to 260 °C (for binary tin-lead alloys) or 350 to 400 °C (for lead-free alloys) Solder composition: 60% Sn, 40% Pb or eutectic alloy.
The phenomenon was discovered by telephone companies in the late 1940s and it was later found that the addition of lead to tin solder provided mitigation. [6] The European Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS), which took effect on July 1, 2006, restricted the use of lead in various types of electronic and electrical equipment.
Soft soldering uses a filler that melts at a lower temperature than the workpiece, often a lead-tin solder alloy. Brazing and hard soldering use a higher temperature filler that melts at a temperature which may approach that of the base metal, and which may form a eutectic alloy with the base metal.
The more common lead-free solder systems have a higher melting point, e.g. a 30 °C typical difference for tin-silver-copper alloys, but wave soldering temperatures are approximately the same at ~255 °C; [47] however at this temperature most typical lead-free solders have longer wetting times than eutectic Pb/Sn 37:63 solder. [49]