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Short-Writing [60] 1690: Theophilus Metcalfe: English: Simson Shorthand [61] 1881: James Simson: English: Speedwriting [62] 1924: Emma Dearborn: English: State Unified Stenography System (GESS) [63] 1937: Nikolai Nikolaevich Sokolov: Russian: Used in the Soviet Union; also adapted for English, French, and some of the languages of the Soviet ...
The Lord's Prayer in Gregg and a variety of 19th-century systems Dutch stenography using the "System Groote". Shorthand is an abbreviated symbolic writing method that increases speed and brevity of writing as compared to longhand, a more common method of writing a language.
Pitman shorthand is a system of shorthand for the English language developed by Englishman Sir Isaac Pitman (1813–1897), who first presented it in 1837. [1] Like most systems of shorthand, it is a phonetic system; the symbols do not represent letters, but rather sounds, and words are, for the most part, written as they are spoken.
Eclectic shorthand (sometimes called "Cross shorthand" or "Eclectic-Cross shorthand" after its founder, J. G. Cross) is an English shorthand system of the 19th century. Although it has fallen into disuse, it is nonetheless noteworthy as one of the most compact (and complex) systems of writing ever devised. [citation needed]
The abbreviation of a word to its first consecutive letters or to several letters, from throughout the word. Both forms of abbreviation are called suspensions (as the scribe suspends the writing of the word). A separate form of abbreviation is by contraction and was mostly a Christian usage for sacred words, or Nomina Sacra; non-Christian sigla ...
Cursive – any style of handwriting written in a flowing (cursive) manner, which connects many or all of the letters in a word, or the strokes in a CJK character or other grapheme. Studies of writing and penmanship. Chirography – handwriting, its style and character; Diplomatics – forensic paleography (seeks the provenance of written ...
Some abbreviations of Latin words and phrases were commonly recognized, such as those of praenomina, and were typically used for inscriptions on monuments. [ 1 ] Scholars infer that Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BC) recognized the need for a comprehensive, standard Latin notation system after learning about the Greek shorthand system.
The system of geometric shorthand published in Britain by Samuel Taylor in 1786, under the title An essay intended to establish a standard for an universal system of Stenography, or Short-hand writing, was the first shorthand system to be used across the English-speaking world. Taylor shorthand uses an alphabet of 19 letters of simplified shape.