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The Lord's Prayer in Gregg and a variety of 19th-century systems Dutch stenography using the "System Groote". Shorthand is an abbreviated symbolic writing method that increases speed and brevity of writing as compared to longhand, a more common method of writing a language.
Pitman shorthand is a system of shorthand for the English language developed by Englishman Sir Isaac Pitman (1813–1897), who first presented it in 1837. [1] Like most systems of shorthand, it is a phonetic system; the symbols do not represent letters, but rather sounds, and words are, for the most part, written as they are spoken.
The abbreviation of a word to its first consecutive letters or to several letters, from throughout the word. Both forms of abbreviation are called suspensions (as the scribe suspends the writing of the word). A separate form of abbreviation is by contraction and was mostly a Christian usage for sacred words, or Nomina Sacra; non-Christian sigla ...
Short-Writing [60] 1690: Theophilus Metcalfe: English: Simson Shorthand [61] 1881: James Simson: English: Speedwriting [62] 1924: Emma Dearborn: English: State Unified Stenography System (GESS) [63] 1937: Nikolai Nikolaevich Sokolov: Russian: Used in the Soviet Union; also adapted for English, French, and some of the languages of the Soviet ...
Cursive – any style of handwriting written in a flowing (cursive) manner, which connects many or all of the letters in a word, or the strokes in a CJK character or other grapheme. Studies of writing and penmanship. Chirography – handwriting, its style and character; Diplomatics – forensic paleography (seeks the provenance of written ...
The practice of underlined (or doubly underlined) superscripted abbreviations was common in 19th-century writing (not limited to ordinal indicators in particular, and extant in the numero sign №), and was found in handwritten English until at least the late 19th century (e.g. first abbreviated '1 st ' or 1 st). [2]
After its decline and disappearance in printing in the early years of the 19th century, the long s persisted into the second half of the century in manuscript. In handwriting used for correspondence and diaries, its use for a single s seems to have disappeared first: most manuscript examples from the 19th century use it for the first s in a ...
According to another study, the mean length of the telegrams sent in the UK before 1950 was 14.6 words or 78.8 characters. [6] For German telegrams, the mean length is 11.5 words or 72.4 characters. [6] At the end of the 19th century the average length of a German telegram was calculated as 14.2 words. [6]