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Century 21 Shorthand [14] Characterie [15] 1588: Timothy Bright: English: Conen de Prépean Shorthand [16] 1813: Louis Félix Conen de Prépean: French: Coulon de Thévenot Shorthand [17] 1776: Jean Coulon de Thévenot: French: Current Shorthand [18] 1892: Henry Sweet: English: Cursive Shorthand [19] 1889: Hugh Longbourne Callendar: English ...
The Lord's Prayer in Gregg and a variety of 19th-century systems Dutch stenography using the "System Groote". Shorthand is an abbreviated symbolic writing method that increases speed and brevity of writing as compared to longhand, a more common method of writing a language.
Pitman shorthand is a system of shorthand for the English language developed by Englishman Sir Isaac Pitman (1813–1897), who first presented it in 1837. [1] Like most systems of shorthand, it is a phonetic system; the symbols do not represent letters, but rather sounds, and words are, for the most part, written as they are spoken.
Scribal abbreviations, or sigla (singular: siglum), are abbreviations used by ancient and medieval scribes writing in various languages, including Latin, Greek, Old English and Old Norse. In modern manuscript editing (substantive and mechanical) sigla are the symbols used to indicate the source manuscript (e.g. variations in text between ...
By the nineteenth century, attention was increasingly given to developing quality penmanship in Eastern schools. Countries that had a writing system based on logographs and syllabaries placed particular emphasis on form and quality when learning. [27] These countries, such as China and Japan, have pictophonetic characters that are difficult to ...
Eclectic shorthand (sometimes called "Cross shorthand" or "Eclectic-Cross shorthand" after its founder, J. G. Cross) is an English shorthand system of the 19th century. Although it has fallen into disuse, it is nonetheless noteworthy as one of the most compact (and complex) systems of writing ever devised. [citation needed]
In blackletter texts (especially in German printing), it was still used in the abbreviation ⁊c. meaning etc. (for et cetera) throughout the 19th century. [ citation needed ] However, as not all typesets included a sort for the ⁊ character, the similar R rotunda ꝛ was substituted (which produced ꝛc.
Joseph Carstairs (2 March 1783 – 9 February 1844 [1]) was an English calligrapher and writing teacher who devised a new system and style of writing in the early 19th century. [2] Carstairs's system emphasised a "bold and free writing" when he first introduced it in 1809. [ 3 ]