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Lake Kariba is the world's largest artificial lake and reservoir by volume. It lies 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) upstream from the mouth of the Zambezi river on the Indian Ocean , along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe .
The dam was constructed on the orders of the Government of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, a 'federal colony' within the British Empire.The double curvature concrete arch dam was designed by Coyne et Bellier and constructed between 1955 and 1959 by Impresit of Italy [2] at a cost of $135,000,000 for the first stage with only the Kariba South power cavern.
Kariba Gorge is a large, natural gorge through which flowed the Zambezi River on the border of Zambia and Zimbabwe, Africa. In 1959 the large double arch concrete Kariba Dam was completed, completely filling the gorge and creating the largest man-made lake in the world. [ 1 ]
The dam to supply the reservoir with water will be a 181 metres (594 ft) tall arch-gravity type. [ 3 ] The project is being implemented by the Zambezi River Authority , a bi-national organization mandated to operate, monitor and maintain the Kariba Dam complex as well as exploit the full potential of the Zambezi River.
The name Kariba comes from the word Kariva or karinga, meaning trap, which refers to a rock jutting out from the gorge where the dam wall was to be built. It was believed by the BaTonga to be the home of the Nyami Nyami , the river god, and they believed anyone who ventured near the rock was dragged down to spend eternity under the water.
The Kariba Dam mostly provided electric power to both countries, created Lake Kariba, the world's largest man-made lake, and flooded the Kariba Gorge - home to thousands of native animals and the local Tonga people. In a wildlife rescue operation lasting 5 years, over 6000 animals were rescued and relocated to the mainland. [1] [2] [3]
Southern Rhodesia, recognising an inevitable dissolution of the Federation, was quick to use federal funds in building its infrastructure ahead of the others. A key component of this was the building of the Kariba Dam and its hydroelectric facility (shafts, control centre, etc.), which was situated on the Southern Rhodesian side of the Zambezi ...
The P12 Makuti-Kariba Highway is a 2-way asphalt surface international highway [1] from the A1 Highway at Makuti to Zambia via the Kariba Dam Wall. The maximum speed on this road is 120 kilometres (75 mi) per hour. [2] It is part of Zimbabwean trunk road system.