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This is not because of muscle weakness or paralysis. The brain has problems planning to move the body parts (e.g., lips, jaw, tongue) needed for speech. The individual knows what they want to say, but their brain has difficulty coordinating the muscle movements necessary to say those words. [2] The exact cause of this disorder is usually ...
Hitism is a difficulty in producing /h/ sound. [3] Iotacism is a difficulty in producing /j/ sound. [4] Kapacism is a difficulty in producing /k/ sound. [2] Lambdacism (from the Greek letter λ) is the difficulty in pronouncing lateral consonants. [2] [5] Rhotacism is a difficulty producing rhotic consonants sounds in the respective language's ...
These treatments have usually involved exercises to increase strength and control over articulator muscles (which may be flaccid and weak, or overly tight and difficult to move), and using alternate speaking techniques to increase speaker intelligibility (how well someone's speech is understood by peers).
Speaking is an act dependent on thought and timed execution of airflow and oral motor / oral placement of the lips, tongue, and jaw that can be disrupted by weakness in oral musculature or an inability to execute the motor movements needed for specific speech sound production (apraxia of speech or developmental verbal dyspraxia).
Articulation also becomes more difficult when a word or phrase requires an articulation adjustment, in which the lips and tongue must move in order to shift between sounds. For example, the word "baby" needs less mouth adjustment than the word "dog" requires, since producing "dog" requires two tongue/lips movements to articulate. [6]
On Nov. 26, 2024, Riehle underwent a near-total glossectomy, neck dissection and tongue reconstruction. The 12-hour surgery removed 80% of her natural tongue and 75% of her lymph nodes.
Muteness is the complete inability to speak. Speech sound disorders involve difficulty in producing specific speech sounds (most often certain consonants, such as /s/ or /r/), and are subdivided into articulation disorders (also called phonetic disorders) and phonemic disorders. Articulation disorders are characterized by difficulty learning to ...
[3] [7] Expressive aphasia differs from dysarthria, which is typified by a patient's inability to properly move the muscles of the tongue and mouth to produce speech. Expressive aphasia also differs from apraxia of speech , which is a motor disorder characterized by an inability to create and sequence motor plans for conscious speech.