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For example, the expression "5 mod 2" evaluates to 1, because 5 divided by 2 has a quotient of 2 and a remainder of 1, while "9 mod 3" would evaluate to 0, because 9 divided by 3 has a quotient of 3 and a remainder of 0. Although typically performed with a and n both being integers, many computing systems now allow other types of numeric operands.
In this case, s is called the least absolute remainder. [3] As with the quotient and remainder, k and s are uniquely determined, except in the case where d = 2n and s = ± n. For this exception, we have: a = k⋅d + n = (k + 1)d − n. A unique remainder can be obtained in this case by some convention—such as always taking the positive value ...
In the example, 20 is the dividend, 5 is the divisor, and 4 is the quotient. Unlike the other basic operations, when dividing natural numbers there is sometimes a remainder that will not go evenly into the dividend; for example, 10 / 3 leaves a remainder of 1, as 10 is not a multiple of 3.
Dividing 950 by 4 in a single step would require knowing the multiplication table up to 238 × 4. Instead, the division is reduced to small steps. Starting from the left, enough digits are selected to form a number (called the partial dividend) that is at least 4×1 but smaller than 4×10 (4 being the divisor in this problem). Here, the partial ...
The quotient is also less commonly defined as the greatest whole number of times a divisor may be subtracted from a dividend—before making the remainder negative. For example, the divisor 3 may be subtracted up to 6 times from the dividend 20, before the remainder becomes negative: 20 − 3 − 3 − 3 − 3 − 3 − 3 ≥ 0, while
If the last group is a remainder smaller than the divisor, it can be thought of as forming an additional smaller group. For example, if 45 eggs are to be put into 12-egg cartons, then after the first 3 cartons have been filled there are 9 eggs remaining, which only partially fill the 4th carton.
The congruence relation is an equivalence relation. The equivalence class modulo m of an integer a is the set of all integers of the form a + k m , where k is any integer. It is called the congruence class or residue class of a modulo m , and may be denoted as ( a mod m ) , or as a or [ a ] when the modulus m is known from the context.
For example, there are six divisors of 4; they are 1, 2, 4, −1, −2, and −4, but only the positive ones (1, 2, and 4) would usually be mentioned. 1 and −1 divide (are divisors of) every integer. Every integer (and its negation) is a divisor of itself. Integers divisible by 2 are called even, and integers not divisible by 2 are called odd.