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Computer Literature Survey: A Key to the Language of Computers. IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center. Misa, Thomas J. (2009). "Bibliography for History of Computing". Charles Babbage Institute; Pritchard, Alan (1969). A Guide to Computer Literature. Archon Books. Rojas, Raul (2001). Encyclopedia of Computers and Computer History. Routledge.
Stephen White, A Brief History of Computing; The Computer History in time and space, Graphing Project, an attempt to build a graphical image of computer history, in particular operating systems. The Computer Revolution/Timeline at Wikibooks "File:Timeline.pdf - Engineering and Technology History Wiki" (PDF). ethw.org. 2012.
SEAC (Standards Eastern Automatic Computer) demonstrated at US NBS in Washington, DC – was the first fully functional stored-program computer in the U.S. May 1950: UK The Pilot ACE computer, with 800 vacuum tubes, and mercury delay lines for its main memory, became operational on 10 May 1950 at the National Physical Laboratory near London.
The "brain" [computer] may one day come down to our level [of the common people] and help with our income-tax and book-keeping calculations. But this is speculation and there is no sign of it so far. — British newspaper The Star in a June 1949 news article about the EDSAC computer, long before the era of the personal computers.
The history of computer science began long before the modern discipline of ... The von Neumann model is composed of three major parts, the arithmetic logic unit (ALU ...
Computer: A History of the Information Machine is a history of computing written by Martin Campbell-Kelly and William Aspray first published in 1996. It follows the history of "information machines" from Charles Babbage 's difference engine through Herman Hollerith 's tabulating machines to the invention of the modern electronic digital computer.
Now working with limited backing from the DVL (German Aeronautical Research Institute), Konrad Zuse completed the 'Z3' (originally 'V3'): the first operational programmable computer. One major improvement over Charles Babbage's non-functional device is the use of Leibniz's binary system (Babbage and others unsuccessfully tried to build decimal ...
This decade marks the first major strides to a modern computer, and hence the start of the modern era. Fermi's Rome physics research group (informal name I ragazzi di Via Panisperna ) develop statistical algorithms based on Comte de Buffon's work, that would later become the foundation of the Monte Carlo method .