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Sequence of reclamation from left: raw sewage, sewage treatment plant effluent, and finally reclaimed water (after several treatment steps). Water reclamation is the process of converting municipal wastewater or sewage and industrial wastewater into water that can be reused for a variety of purposes .
Treated wastewater can be reused as reclaimed water. [3] The main purpose of wastewater treatment is for the treated wastewater to be able to be disposed or reused safely. However, before it is treated, the options for disposal or reuse must be considered so the correct treatment process is used on the wastewater.
This shallow recharged water is then recovered as potable water and injected into the deep basalt aquifer. [citation needed] During the injection process, electrical energy can be generated by the head pressure of the water flowing back into the aquifer. This stored water is recovered during late summer and early autumn for irrigation needs.
In Ancient Egypt, the rulers of the Twelfth Dynasty (c. 2000–1800 BC) undertook a far-sighted land reclamation scheme to increase agricultural output. They constructed levees and canals to connect the Faiyum with the Bahr Yussef waterway, diverting water that would have flowed into Lake Moeris and causing gradual evaporation around the lake's edges, creating new farmland from the reclaimed land.
The State Water Resources Control Board has laid out plans for the increased "use of recycled water over 2002 levels by at least one million acre⋅ft (1.2 billion m 3) per year by 2020 and by at least two million acre⋅ft (2.5 billion m 3) per year by 2030." [4] The DWR reviews and updates the California Water Plan every 5 years.
Groundwater recharge also encompasses water moving away from the water table farther into the saturated zone. [1] Recharge occurs both naturally (through the water cycle) and through anthropogenic processes (i.e., "artificial groundwater recharge"), where rainwater and/or reclaimed water is routed to the subsurface.
You recycle your plastic iced tea bottles. Of course you carry a reusable bottle for water. You compost the scraps from your locally sourced, organically grown vegetables. You hardly ever eat red meat. You carpool to work in your electric car. You bike on the weekends.
Sewer mining (or sewage mining) is a concept where municipal wastewater is pumped from a trunk sewer and treated on-site to accommodate a range of local, nonpotable water needs. [1] It is a strategy for combating water scarcity. It combines decentralized wastewater management and water reclamation. [1]