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Nanofibers were first produced via electrospinning more than four centuries ago. [28] [29] Beginning with the development of the electrospinning method, English physicist William Gilbert (1544-1603) first documented the electrostatic attraction between liquids by preparing an experiment in which he observed a spherical water drop on a dry surface warp into a cone shape when it was held below ...
Carbon nanofibers (CNFs), vapor grown carbon fibers (VGCFs), or vapor grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs) are cylindrical nanostructures with graphene layers arranged as stacked cones, cups or plates. Carbon nanofibers with graphene layers wrapped into perfect cylinders are called carbon nanotubes .
To put it simply, nanofibers are a super, super thin material that can be made from a super strong (and super thin) carbon material, and are generally good conductors of heat and electricity.
Although graphene sheets have 2D symmetry, carbon nanotubes by geometry have different properties in axial and radial directions. It has been shown that CNTs are very strong in the axial direction. [1] Young's modulus on the order of 270–950 GPa and tensile strength of 11–63 GPa were obtained. [1]
A nanofiber has two external dimensions in the nanoscale, with nanotubes being hollow nanofibers and nanorods being solid nanofibers. A nanoplate/nanosheet has one external dimension in the nanoscale, [20] and if the two larger dimensions are significantly different it is called a nanoribbon. For nanofibers and nanoplates, the other dimensions ...
Polymeric nanofibers have been used in air filtration applications for more than seven decades. [49] [59] Because of poor bulk mechanical properties of thin nanowebs, they are laid over a filtration medium substrate. The small fiber diameters cause slip flows at fiber surfaces, causing an increase in the interception and inertial impaction ...
Another study shows the potential of polyaniline nanofibers as NO 2 gas sensors. [13] NO 2 gas acts as a strong oxidizing agent to the emeraldine form of polyaniline nanofibers, which causes resistance changes greater than three orders of magnitude at 100 ppm. Sensing targets can be expanded through adding materials to the polyaniline nanofibers.
Nanocellulose is a term referring to a family of cellulosic materials that have at least one of their dimensions in the nanoscale.Examples of nanocellulosic materials are microfibrilated cellulose, cellulose nanofibers or cellulose nanocrystals.