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The title of Ayatollah (and other Iranian Shi'i titles) has been "cheapened" in recent decades. [ 11 ] [ 12 ] [ 13 ] According to Michael M. J. Fischer , the Iranian revolution led to "rapid inflation of religious titles", and almost every senior cleric was called an Ayatollah. [ 14 ]
It refers to the fatwa against the acquisition, development and use of nuclear weapons by Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. [12] While the fatwa originally dates back to the mid-1990s, [ 13 ] the first public issue of it is reported to be that of October 2003, which was followed by an official statement at a meeting of the International Atomic Energy ...
Mullah (/ ˈ m ʌ l ə, ˈ m ʊ l ə, ˈ m uː l ə /) is an honorific title for Muslim clergy and mosque leaders. [1] The term is widely used in Iran and Afghanistan and is also used for a person who has higher education in Islamic theology and sharia law .
The title of Ayatollah (and other Iranian Shi'i titles) has been "cheapened" since then. [1] [15] [5] Roy Mottahedeh describes how the title of ayatollah was determined in the mid to late 20th century. Only the titles 'jurisconsult' and 'model for imitation' (marja' al-taqlid) had fixed meaning. Otherwise titles ... really expressed the ...
Ali Ahmed Mullah (born 5 July 1947), is the veteran muazzin (caller for prayer) at the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca, Saudi Arabia for the past four decades. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Ali Ahmed Mulla is the longest serving muazzin for the Masjid al-Haram and has been following his family tradition in this profession since 1975.
Muhammad al-Baqir; Abu Basir al-Moradi; Burayd ibn Mu'awiya al-'Ijli; Muhammad bin Muslim; Abu Basir al-Asadi; Safwan ibn Yahya; Zayd ibn Ali; Ibn Shahr Ashub; Mohammad Mohammad Sadeq al-Sadr; Ali Khamenei; Grand Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani; Ruhollah Khomeini
Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Saeed Al-Hakim is an Iraqi Twelver Shi'a marja, one of the five members of the Hawza of Najaf and the second most senior Shia cleric in Iraq after Ayatollah Ali al-Sistani. [3] Al-Hakim is the son of Ayatollah Muhammad Ali al-Hakim, grandson of Sayyid Ahmad al-Hakim, and grand-nephew of Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Muhsin al ...
After failed rebellions in 1946 and 1967, Kurdish political organizations continued to push for revolution against the Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, a move that brought Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to power in February 1979. Tensions remained between the Kurdish people and the government, even with the new leader installed.