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In Hadrian's era, this was the junction of the main cardo (north-south road), with the decumanus (east-west road) which became the Via Dolorosa; the remains of a tetrapylon, which marked this Roman junction, can be seen in the lower level of the Franciscan chapel. Prior to the 16th century, this location was the 8th and last station.
The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, [a] [b] also known as the Church of the Resurrection, [c] is a fourth-century church in the Christian Quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. The church is also the seat of the Greek Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem. [1]
Inside the church is a rock, about 7 m long by 3 m wide by 4.8 m high, [60] that is traditionally believed to be all that now remains visible of Golgotha; the design of the church means that the Calvary Chapel contains the upper foot or so of the rock, while the remainder is in the chapel beneath it (known as the tomb of Adam).
While a number of biblical place names like Jerusalem, Athens, Damascus, Alexandria, Babylon and Rome have been used for centuries, some have changed over the years. Many place names in the Land of Israel, Holy Land and Palestine are Arabised forms of ancient Hebrew and Canaanite place-names used during biblical times [1] [2] [3] or later Aramaic or Greek formations.
This Byzantine period church is believed by some to have been built over the house of the apostle brothers, Peter and Andrew. Only the southern rooms of the church were excavated. A well-protected ornamental mosaic floor, gilded glass tesserae, and a marble chancel decorated with a wreath have been found in some of the excavated rooms.
Adummim was apparently on the road between Jerusalem and Jericho in the Judaean desert, today in the West Bank.It is mentioned in the Book of Joshua (15:7, 18:17) as being "on the south side of the stream", which Matthew Easton (1897) identified with Wadi Kelt, and across from Gilgal or/and Geliloth. [3]
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It was likely on the road from Jerusalem to Jericho and the limit of a Sabbath-day's journey from Jerusalem, [7] i.e., 2,000 cubits. The Franciscan Church of Bethphage was built on the foundations of a 12th-century crusader chapel. [8] Just up the hill from the Catholic church is the Greek Orthodox Holy Monastery of Palm-bearing Bethphagea.