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The historical origins of globalization (also known as historical globalization) are the subject of ongoing debate. Though many scholars situate the origins of globalization in the modern era (around the 19th century ), others regard it as a phenomenon with a long history, dating back thousands of years (a concept known as archaic globalization ).
Economic globalization is the intensification and stretching of economic interrelations around the globe. [3] [4] It encompasses such things as the emergence of a new global economic order, the internationalization of trade and finance, the changing power of transnational corporations, and the enhanced role of international economic institutions.
Manfred B. Steger is an American academic and author.He is a Professor of Sociology at the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. [1]Steger is most known for his work in social and political theory, primarily focusing on the crucial role of ideas, images, language, beliefs, and other symbolic systems in shaping discourses of globalization.
The 13th-century world-system, as described by Janet Abu-Lughod. Archaic globalization is a phase in the history of globalization, and conventionally refers to globalizing events and developments from the time of the earliest civilizations until roughly 1600 (the following period is known as early modern globalization).
Many writers suggest that cultural globalization is a long-term historical process of bringing different cultures into interrelation. Jan Pieterse suggested that cultural globalization involves human integration and hybridization, arguing that it is possible to detect cultural mixing across continents and regions going back many centuries. [12]
It is facilitated by the globalization phenomenon, which increasingly erases the constraints of geography on economic, social, and cultural arrangements. [2] The concept involves a broad range of learning, for example, formal education and informal learning (e.g. training, exchange programs, and cross-cultural communication). [3]
In the 1960s, some critics argued that the link between modernization and democracy was based too much on the example of European history and neglected the Third World. [ 25 ] One historical problem with that argument has always been Germany whose economic modernization in the 19th century came long before the democratization after 1918 .
According to instrumentalists, higher education is a way of increasing profit, ensuring economic boost and sustainable development and transferring ideologies of governments, transnational corporations, stakeholders or supranational regimes. Furthermore, higher education is required to meet the demands of the capitalist and global world.