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However, in about 65% of people older than 55 years, radiologic evidence of OA was present without any symptoms. [38] Armstrong et al. reported a prevalence of 33% in postmenopausal women, of which one-third was symptomatic, compared to 11% in men older than 55 years. [37]
On this horse, the ergot is a small point at the back of each fetlock Ergot on a heavy horse with feathers. The ergot is a small callosity (Calcar metacarpeum and Calcar metatarseum) on the underside of the fetlock of a horse or other equine. Some equines have them on all four fetlocks; others have few or no detectable ergots.
Poor shoeing and conformation, such as long, sloping pasterns, upright pasterns, long-toes with low heels, pigeon toes, splay foot, or unbalanced feet may predispose the horse to ringbone, as they create uneven stress on the pastern and coffin joint, unequal tension on the soft tissues, or worsen the concussion that is absorbed by the pastern area.
Most horses with shivers are tall (average affected horse is 17 hands), and they are more commonly male (3:1 ratio of males to females). Shivers is most often seen in Warmbloods , draft horse breeds, and Thoroughbreds , [ 1 ] but has also been reported in light harness horses, hacks, Quarter Horses , and other light horse breeds.
Orthopedic causes of lameness are very common and may be the result of damage to the hoof, bone, joints, or soft tissue. Horses are predisposed to orthopedic lameness by conformational flaws, poor hoof balance, working on poor footing, repetitive movements, poor conditioning for a given activity, and competing at a very high athletic level. [2]
Horses with a high weight-to-foot-size ratio may have an increased chance of exhibiting symptoms of navicular syndrome, since the relative load on the foot increases. This might explain why the syndrome is seen more frequently in Thoroughbreds , American Quarter Horses , and Warmbloods as opposed to ponies and Arabians .
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The horse stands in a "founder stance" in attempt to decrease the load on the affected feet. If it has laminitis in the front hooves, it will bring its hind legs underneath its body and put its fore legs out in front. [4] In cases of sinking, the horse stands with all four feet close together, like a circus elephant.