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In antiquity, ancestors of the Somali people were an important link in the Horn of Africa connecting the region's commerce with the rest of the old world. Proto-Somali sailors and merchants were the main suppliers of frankincense, myrrh and spices, items which were considered valuable luxuries by the Ancient Egyptians, Phoenicians, Mycenaeans and Babylonians.
Together, they formed the independent Somali Republic under a civilian government, the Somali National Assembly, headed by Haji Bashir Ismail Yusuf. [11] The administration lasted until 1969, when the Supreme Revolutionary Council led by Mohamed Siad Barre , seized power in a bloodless coup and renamed the country the Somali Democratic Republic .
Opone (Ancient Greek: Ὀπώνη ἐμπόριον) was an ancient seaport and emporium located in present-day Somalia. It is primarily known for its trade with the Ancient Egyptians, Romans, Greeks, Persians, and the states of ancient India. [2] [3] The historic port has been identified with the city of Hafun through archaeological remains. [4]
Taleh (Somali: Taleex, Arabic: تليح) is a historical town in Sool region of Somalia. [3] The town served as the capital of the pre-independence Dervish movement. [4] [5]The Dalyare fort and the Taleh complex built between 1909 and 1910 are among the least disfigured Dervish era structures that remain in Sool province, whom altogether comprise 27 Dervish era structures.
Somalia has an estimated population of 18.1 million, [18] [19] [20] of which 2.7 million live in the capital and largest city, Mogadishu. Around 85% of Somalia's residents are ethnic Somalis ; the official languages of the country are Somali and Arabic , though Somali is the primary language.
The Dervish movement was founded in Burao in 1899. In the end of late August of that year the Dervish leaders and their clan followers assembled at Burao, Mohammed Abdullah Hassan with his followers from the Dhulbahante, the various Habar Jeclo sub clans with their principle headman Haji Sudi, and Sultan Nur Ahmed Aman with his followers from the Habr Yunis clan, declared open hostility. [18]
Merca (Somali: Marka, Arabic: ماركا) is the capital city of the Lower Shebelle province of Somalia, a historic port city in the region. It is located approximately 109 km (68 mi) to the southwest of the nation's capital Mogadishu. Merca is the traditional home territory of the Bimal clan and was the center of the Bimal revolt. [2]
Early modern history of Somalia (2 C, 4 P) M. Medieval history of Somalia (2 C, 11 P) Millennia in Somalia (5 C) Modern history of Somalia (5 C, 9 P) P.