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  2. History of Spain (1700–1808) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Spain_(1700–1808)

    Ideas of the Age of Enlightenment entered Spain [a] and Spanish America [b] during the eighteenth century. The invasion of the Iberian Peninsula by Napoleon Bonaparte in the Peninsular War upended the stability of the Spanish state and empire and although France was defeated, the turmoil in Spain led to the Spanish American wars of independence ...

  3. Spanish American Enlightenment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_American_Enlightenment

    The ideas of the Spanish Enlightenment, which emphasized reason, science, practicality, clarity rather than obscurantism, and secularism, were transmitted from France to the New World in the eighteenth century, following the establishment of the Bourbon monarchy in Spain. In Spanish America, the ideas of the Enlightenment affected educated ...

  4. Enlightenment in Spain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlightenment_in_Spain

    Despite the general anticlerical tendencies of the Enlightenment, Spain and Spanish America held Roman Catholicism as a core identity. [5] When French forces under Napoleon Bonaparte invaded the Iberian peninsula and placed Napoleon's brother Joseph on the throne of Spain, there was a crisis of legitimacy in both Spain and its overseas empire.

  5. Spanish American wars of independence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_American_wars_of...

    The Enlightenment spurred the desire for social and economic reform to spread throughout Spanish America and the Iberian Peninsula. Ideas about free trade and physiocratic economics were raised by the Enlightenment in Spain and spread to the overseas empire and a homegrown Spanish American Enlightenment. The political reforms implemented and ...

  6. Historiography of Colonial Spanish America - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historiography_of_Colonial...

    A 17th–century Dutch map of the Americas. The historiography of Spanish America in multiple languages is vast and has a long history. [1] [2] [3] It dates back to the early sixteenth century with multiple competing accounts of the conquest, Spaniards’ eighteenth-century attempts to discover how to reverse the decline of its empire, [4] and people of Spanish descent born in the Americas ...

  7. Bourbon Reforms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourbon_Reforms

    The bulk of the changes in Spanish America came in the second half of the 18th century following the visita general (general inspection) of New Spain (1765–1771) by José de Gálvez, who was later named Minister of the Indies. Upon his inspection, he found the viceroyalty in a shambles and then reorganized the tax collection system, rewarded ...

  8. Mitchell Map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell_Map

    The Mitchell Map. The Mitchell Map is a map made by John Mitchell (1711–1768), which was reprinted several times during the second half of the 18th century. The map, formally titled A map of the British and French dominions in North America &c., was used as a primary map source during the Treaty of Paris for defining the boundaries of the newly independent United States.

  9. Age of Revolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Revolution

    The Age of Revolution is a period from the late-18th to the mid-19th centuries during which a number of significant revolutionary movements occurred in most of Europe and the Americas. [2] The period is noted for the change from absolutist monarchies to representative governments with a written constitution , and the creation of nation states .