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This ligament is responsible for maintaining and supporting the position of the eyeball in its normal upward and forward position within the orbit, and prevents downward displacement of the eyeball. [2] It can be considered a part of the bulbar sheath. [3] It is named for Charles Barrett Lockwood.
The zonule of Zinn (/ ˈ t s ɪ n /) (Zinn's membrane, ciliary zonule) (after Johann Gottfried Zinn) is a ring of fibrous strands forming a zonule (little band) that connects the ciliary body with the crystalline lens of the eye. [1] The Zonular fibers a viscoelastic cables, although their component microfibrils are stiff structures.
The lens is located towards the front part of the vertebrate eye, called the anterior segment, which includes the cornea and iris positioned in front of the lens. The lens is held in place by the suspensory ligaments (Zonule of Zinn), [1] attaching the lens at its equator to the rest of the eye [2] [3] through the ciliary body.
They're different to the extraocular muscles that are outside of the eye and control the external movement of the eye. [2] There are three intrisic ocular muscles: the ciliary muscle, pupillary sphincter muscle (sphincter pupillae) and pupillary dilator muscle (dilator pupillae). [1] [2] All of them are smooth muscles. [2]
In the anatomy of the eye, the ciliary processes are formed by the inward folding of the various layers of the choroid, viz. the choroid proper and the lamina basalis, and are received between corresponding foldings of the suspensory ligament of the lens.
The posterior chamber is a narrow space behind the peripheral part of the iris, and in front of the suspensory ligament of the lens and the ciliary processes.The posterior chamber consists of small space directly posterior to the iris but anterior to the lens.
The orbital contents comprise the eye, the orbital and retrobulbar fascia, extraocular muscles, cranial nerves II, III, IV, V, and VI, blood vessels, fat, the lacrimal gland with its sac and duct, the eyelids, medial and lateral palpebral ligaments, cheek ligaments, the suspensory ligament, septum, ciliary ganglion and short ciliary nerves.
In 1992, Ronald Schachar proposed a model for land based vertebrates that was not well received. [7] The theory allows mathematical modeling to more accurately reflect the way the lens focuses while also taking into account the complexities in the suspensory ligaments and the presence of radial as well as circular muscles in the ciliary body.