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In botany, a cortex is an outer layer of a stem or root in a vascular plant, lying below the epidermis but outside of the vascular bundles. [1] The cortex is composed mostly of large thin-walled parenchyma cells of the ground tissue system and shows little to no structural differentiation. [ 2 ]
Adventitious roots arise out-of-sequence from the more usual root formation of branches of a primary root, and instead originate from the stem, branches, leaves, or old woody roots. They commonly occur in monocots and pteridophytes, but also in many dicots , such as clover ( Trifolium ), ivy ( Hedera ), strawberry ( Fragaria ) and willow ( Salix ).
Roots are specialized for the uptake of water, nutrients (including ions for proper function). [12] Similar to the endodermis, the exodermis contains very compact cells and is surrounded by a Casparian band, two features which are used to restrict the flow of water to a symplastic fashion (through the cytoplasm) rather than apoplastic fashion which (through the cell wall) flow through passages ...
A stem is one of two main structural axes of a vascular plant, the other being the root. It supports leaves, flowers and fruits, transports water and dissolved substances between the roots and the shoots in the xylem and phloem, engages in photosynthesis, stores nutrients, and produces new living tissue. [1]
Cerebellar cortex, the outer layer of the vertebrate cerebellum; Renal cortex, the outer portion of the kidney; Adrenal cortex, a portion of the adrenal gland; Cell cortex, the region of a cell directly underneath the membrane; Cortex (hair), the middle layer of a strand of hair; Cortex (botany), the outer portion of the stem or root of a plant
The velamen also serves a mechanical function, protecting the vascular tissues in the root cortex, shielding the root from transpirational water loss, and, in many cases, adhering the plant to the substrate. The typical orchid root has a stele of comparatively small diameter. It is surrounded by a cortex which is further enveloped by a highly ...
This network extends between the epidermal cells near the root surface, and may also extend between cells in the root cortex. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] The hyphae in the Hartig net formed by some ECM fungi are described as having transfer-cell like structures, with highly folded membranes that increase surface area and facilitate secretion and uptake of ...
Root hair cells improve plant water absorption by increasing root surface area to volume ratio which allows the root hair cell to take in more water. The large vacuole inside root hair cells makes this intake much more efficient. Root hairs are also important for nutrient uptake as they are main interface between plants and mycorrhizal fungi.