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The expectancy theory of motivation explains the behavioral process of why individuals choose one behavioral option over the other. This theory explains that individuals can be motivated towards goals if they believe that there is a positive correlation between efforts and performance, the outcome of a favorable performance will result in a desirable reward, a reward from a performance will ...
Expectancy theory; Expectancy-value theory; Expected utility hypothesis; G. ... Life-span model of motivation; M. Maslow's hierarchy of needs; McGuire's Motivations;
According to the Life-span model of motivation the personal goals that individuals set are a function of the opportunities and challenges that are present in their social environment. Personal goals are an important determinant to the way individuals direct their development . [ 1 ]
Expectancy theory states that whether a person is motivated to perform a certain behavior depends on the expected results of this behavior: the more positive the expected results are, the higher the motivation to engage in that behavior.
Expectancy–value theory has been developed in many different fields including education, health, communications, marketing and economics. Although the model differs in its meaning and implications for each field, the general idea is that there are expectations as well as values or beliefs that affect subsequent behavior.
The expectancy theory of motivation was established by Victor Vroom with the belief that motivation is based on the expectation of desired outcomes. [28] The theory is based on four concepts: valence, expectancy, instrumentality and force. [28] Valence is the attractiveness of potential rewards, outcomes, or incentives.
E (Expectancy) = Belief that effort will result in desired level of performance; I (Instrumentality) = Belief that desired level of performance will result in desired outcome; V (Valence) = Value of the outcome to the employee [4] Expectancy theory has been shown to have useful applications in designing a reward system. If policies are ...
Expectancy theory proposes that people act in accordance with anticipated outcomes. At the core of the theory is the cognitive process of how an individual processes the different motivational elements. This also eliminates the tedious second sentence, and shifts the focus to the specific cognitive unpacking that this theory entails.