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The official exchange rate was ₱2 against the U.S. dollar from 1946 to 1962, devalued to ₱3.90 in 1962, and devalued again to ₱6.43 in 1970. Black market exchange rates during these periods, however, were nearly always higher than official rates. Several depreciations followed:
The market convention is to quote most exchange rates against the USD with the US dollar as the base currency (e.g. USDJPY, USDCAD, USDCHF). The exceptions are the British pound (GBP), Australian dollar (AUD), the New Zealand dollar (NZD) and the euro (EUR) where the USD is the counter currency (e.g. GBPUSD, AUDUSD, NZDUSD, EURUSD).
Beginning in 2022 the yen/dollar rate has become increasingly weaker with each passing month. By July 2024, the price fell to upper ¥161 per $1, marking the lowest exchange rate for the yen in 37.5 years on a nominal effective exchange rate [80] and the lowest real effective exchange rate since the start of statistics by the Bank of Japan in 1970.
By the end of the year, the interest rate stood at 42.5%, [53] and the annual inflation rate decreased to 53.86%, down from 83% in 2022. [54] The central bank increased the interest rate to 50% in March 2024 under Fatih Karahan , the new governor, and has kept it as such as for eight consecutive months. [ 55 ]