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An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label such as 192.0.2.1 that is assigned to a device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] IP addresses serve two main functions: network interface identification , and location addressing .
In the original design of IPv4, an IP address was divided into two parts: the network identifier was the most significant octet of the address, and the host identifier was the rest of the address. The latter was also called the rest field. This structure permitted a maximum of 256 network identifiers, which was quickly found to be inadequate.
IP was the connectionless datagram service in the original Transmission Control Program introduced by Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn in 1974, which was complemented by a connection-oriented service that became the basis for the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). The Internet protocol suite is therefore often referred to as TCP/IP.
Network services such as Domain Name System (DNS) give names for IP and MAC addresses (people remember names like nm.lan better than numbers like 210.121.67.18), [73] and Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) to ensure that the equipment on the network has a valid IP address. [74]
Each IP address consists of a network prefix followed by a host identifier. In the classful network architecture of IPv4, the three most significant bits of the 32-bit IP address defined the size of the network prefix for unicast networking, and determined the network class A, B, or C. [3]
%PDF-1.5 %âãÏÓ 100 0 obj > endobj xref 100 62 0000000016 00000 n 0000002402 00000 n 0000002539 00000 n 0000001570 00000 n 0000002637 00000 n 0000002762 00000 n 0000003272 00000 n 0000003519 00000 n 0000003561 00000 n 0000004173 00000 n 0000005340 00000 n 0000005569 00000 n 0000005954 00000 n 0000006116 00000 n 0000006328 00000 n 0000006538 00000 n 0000006700 00000 n 0000006911 00000 n ...
Network architecture is the design of a computer network.It is a framework for the specification of a network's physical components and their functional organization and configuration, its operational principles and procedures, as well as communication protocols used.
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related to: ip address two parts name in computer architecture book