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  2. Limiting oxygen concentration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limiting_oxygen_concentration

    The limiting oxygen concentration (LOC), [1] also known as the minimum oxygen concentration (MOC), [2] is defined as the limiting concentration of oxygen below which combustion is not possible, independent of the concentration of fuel. It is expressed in units of volume percent of oxygen. The LOC varies with pressure and temperature.

  3. Headspace gas chromatography for dissolved gas measurement

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headspace_Gas...

    There is a need to analyze the dissolved gas content of aqueous solutions. Dissolved gases can directly interact with aquatic organisms [4] or can volatilize from solution (the latter described by Henry's law). These processes can result in exposure that, depending on the nature of the dissolved material, can have negative health effects.

  4. Ethanol fermentation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol_fermentation

    Fermentation does not require oxygen. If oxygen is present, some species of yeast (e.g., Kluyveromyces lactis or Kluyveromyces lipolytica) will oxidize pyruvate completely to carbon dioxide and water in a process called cellular respiration, hence these species of yeast will produce ethanol only in an anaerobic environment (not cellular ...

  5. Heat of combustion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_of_combustion

    The heating value (or energy value or calorific value) of a substance, usually a fuel or food (see food energy), is the amount of heat released during the combustion of a specified amount of it. The calorific value is the total energy released as heat when a substance undergoes complete combustion with oxygen under standard conditions.

  6. Chemical oxygen demand - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_oxygen_demand

    In environmental chemistry, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) is an indicative measure of the amount of oxygen that can be consumed by reactions in a measured solution. It is commonly expressed in mass of oxygen consumed over volume of solution, which in SI units is milligrams per liter ( mg / L ).

  7. Fermentation in winemaking - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentation_in_winemaking

    Oxygen is needed as well, but in wine making, the risk of oxidation and the lack of alcohol production from oxygenated yeast requires the exposure of oxygen to be kept at a minimum. [10] Dry winemaking yeast (left) and yeast nutrients used in the rehydration process to stimulate yeast cells.

  8. Stoichiometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stoichiometry

    In the combustion reaction, oxygen reacts with the fuel, and the point where exactly all oxygen is consumed and all fuel burned is defined as the stoichiometric point. With more oxygen (overstoichiometric combustion), some of it stays unreacted. Likewise, if the combustion is incomplete due to lack of sufficient oxygen, fuel remains unreacted.

  9. Alcohol (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_(chemistry)

    The term alcohol originally referred to the primary alcohol ethanol (ethyl alcohol), which is used as a drug and is the main alcohol present in alcoholic drinks. The suffix -ol appears in the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) chemical name of all substances where the hydroxyl group is the functional group with the ...