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The size of the brain is a frequent topic of study within the fields of anatomy, biological anthropology, ... Trends in hominin brain size evolution [9] ...
The evolutionary history of the human brain shows primarily a gradually bigger brain relative to body size during the evolutionary path from early primates to hominins and finally to Homo sapiens. This trend that has led to the present day human brain size indicates that there has been a 2-3 factor increase in size over the past 3 million years ...
The concept of encephalization has been a key evolutionary trend throughout human evolution, and consequently an important area of study. Over the course of hominin evolution, brain size has seen an overall increase from 400 cm 3 to 1400 cm 3. [42] Furthermore, the genus Homo is specifically defined by a significant increase in brain size. [43]
From about 5 million years ago, the hominin brain began to develop rapidly in both size and differentiation of function. There has been a gradual increase in brain volume as humans progressed along the timeline of evolution (see Homininae ), starting from about 600 cm 3 in Homo habilis up to 1500 cm 3 in Homo neanderthalensis .
Based on his analysis of the relationship between brain size and hominin group size, he concluded that because archaic humans had large brains, they must have lived in groups of over 120 individuals. Dunbar argues that it was not possible for hominins to live in such large groups without using language, otherwise there could be no group ...
The sequence of human evolution from Australopithecus (four million years ago) to Homo sapiens (modern humans) was marked by a steady increase in brain size. [264] [265] As brain size increased, this altered the size and shape of the skull, [266] from about 600 cm 3 in Homo habilis to an average of about 1520 cm 3 in Homo neanderthalensis. [267]
The expensive tissue hypothesis (ETH) relates brain and gut size in evolution (specifically in human evolution).It suggests that in order for an organism to evolve a large brain without a significant increase in basal metabolic rate (as seen in humans), the organism must use less energy on other expensive tissues; the paper introducing the ETH suggests that in humans, this was achieved by ...
The brains of most species of Australopithecus were roughly 35% of the size of a modern human brain [39] with an endocranial volume average of 466 cc (28.4 cu in). [13]