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The concentration of pure osmium tetroxide (molar mass = 254.23 g/mol) is c(OsO 4) = 5.1 kg/L / 254.23 g/mol = 20.1 mol/L. A typical protein in bacteria, such as E. coli, may have about 60 copies, and the volume of a bacterium is about 10 −15 L. Thus, the number concentration C is C = 60 / (10 −15 L) = 6 × 10 16 L −1. The molar ...
where P is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of the gas, and k is a constant for a particular temperature and amount of gas. Boyle's law states that when the temperature of a given mass of confined gas is constant, the product of its pressure and volume is also constant. When comparing the same substance under two different sets of ...
Raoult's law (/ ˈ r ɑː uː l z / law) is a relation of physical chemistry, with implications in thermodynamics.Proposed by French chemist François-Marie Raoult in 1887, [1] [2] it states that the partial pressure of each component of an ideal mixture of liquids is equal to the vapor pressure of the pure component (liquid or solid) multiplied by its mole fraction in the mixture.
Fick's first law relates the diffusive flux to the gradient of the concentration. It postulates that the flux goes from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration, with a magnitude that is proportional to the concentration gradient (spatial derivative), or in simplistic terms the concept that a solute will move from a region of high concentration to a region of low ...
It is defined as the pressure exerted by a column of water of 1 inch in height at defined conditions. At a temperature of 4 °C (39.2 °F) pure water has its highest density (1000 kg/m 3 ). At that temperature and assuming the standard acceleration of gravity , 1 inAq is approximately 249.082 pascals (0.0361263 psi ).
Bernoulli's principle is a key concept in fluid dynamics that relates pressure, density, speed and height. Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in the speed of a parcel of fluid occurs simultaneously with a decrease in either the pressure or the height above a datum. [1]:
For example, a 1 molar solution of a substance contains 6.022 × 10 23 molecules per liter of that substance and at 0 °C it has an osmotic pressure of 2.27 MPa (22.4 atm). The osmotic pressure of the plasma affects the mechanics of the circulation in several ways. An alteration of the osmotic pressure difference across the membrane of a blood ...
The concentration of a vapor in contact with its liquid, especially at equilibrium, is often expressed in terms of vapor pressure, which will be a partial pressure (a part of the total gas pressure) if any other gas(es) are present with the vapor. The equilibrium vapor pressure of a liquid is in general strongly dependent on temperature. At ...