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This ratio is w = −1 for the cosmological constant used in the Einstein equations; alternative time-varying forms of vacuum energy such as quintessence generally use a different value. The value w = −1.028 ± 0.032, measured by the Planck Collaboration (2018) [18] is consistent with −1, assuming w does not change over cosmic time.
In cosmology, the cosmological constant problem or vacuum catastrophe is the substantial disagreement between the observed values of vacuum energy density (the small value of the cosmological constant) and the much larger theoretical value of zero-point energy suggested by quantum field theory.
The values of these six parameters are mostly not predicted by theory (though, ideally, they may be related by a future "Theory of Everything"), except that most versions of cosmic inflation predict the scalar spectral index should be slightly smaller than 1, consistent with the estimated value 0.96. The parameter values, and uncertainties, are ...
These problems are solved by cosmic inflation which has . Measuring the equation of state of dark energy is one of the largest efforts of observational cosmology . By accurately measuring w {\displaystyle w} , it is hoped that the cosmological constant could be distinguished from quintessence which has w ≠ − 1 {\displaystyle w\neq -1} .
In physical cosmology, the age of the universe is the time elapsed since the Big Bang.Astronomers have derived two different measurements of the age of the universe: [1] a measurement based on direct observations of an early state of the universe, which indicate an age of 13.787 ± 0.020 billion years as interpreted with the Lambda-CDM concordance model as of 2021; [2] and a measurement based ...
Many of those people were high-value intelligence targets related to U.S. politics and government, an FBI official said in a media call last week.
By Krystal Hu and Kenrick Cai (Reuters) -Elon Musk's SpaceX is preparing to launch a tender offer in December to sell existing shares at a price of $135 per share, two sources familiar with the ...
According to Manheim’s latest used vehicle value index, used gas-powered car prices fell 3.5% in October, whereas pure EV prices fell by 11.1%. And the downward pressure on prices will continue.
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