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The Geneva Conventions define the rights and protections afforded to those non-combatants who fulfill the criteria of being protected persons. [3] The treaties of 1949 were ratified, in their entirety or with reservations, by 196 countries. [4] The Geneva Conventions concern only protected non-combatants in war.
The Geneva Conventions. First Geneva Convention; Second Geneva Convention; Third Geneva Convention; Fourth Geneva Convention; Additional Protocols Protocol I; Protocol II; Protocol III; The four 1949 Conventions have been ratified by 196 states, including all UN member states, both UN observers (the Holy See and the State of Palestine}, as well ...
Under the 1949 Geneva Conventions, collective punishment is a war crime. By collective punishment, the drafters of the Geneva Conventions had in mind the reprisal killings of World War I and World War II. In the First World War, the Germans executed Belgian villagers in mass retribution for resistance activity during the Rape of Belgium. In ...
The Geneva Conventions, which have been adopted by nearly all the world's countries since they were finalized on Aug. 12, 1949, are back on their heels as armed militia groups and national forces regularly disregard the rules of war.
The Geneva Convention on Road Traffic was concluded in Geneva on 19 September 1949. The convention has been ratified by 101 countries. Since its entry into force on 26 March 1952, between signatory countries ("Contracting Parties") it replaces previous road traffic conventions, notably the 1926 International Convention relative to Motor Traffic and the International Convention relative to Road ...
In the area of international humanitarian law, four 1949 Geneva Conventions, the 1977 Additional Protocols and customary international humanitarian law are the source of the rights and protections for various categories of persons in the context of international armed conflicts, and also non international armed conflicts. [15]
Geneva: ICRC. 1955. The Geneva conventions of 12 August 1949: commentary published under the general editorship of J.S. Pictet. Geneva: ICRC. 1960. Humanitarian law and the protection of war victims. Leyden: Sijthoff. 1975. ISBN 90-286-0305-0. (Translation of Le droit humanitaire et la protection des victimes de la guerre.)
Former UN official Mukesh Kapila writes on why it’s pretty much impossible to protect civilians in urban warfare, where there’s no clear frontline and fighters and non-combatants are intermingled.