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[15] [16] Similarly, increasing the duration of a stimulus available in a reaction time task was found to produce slightly faster reaction times to visual [15] and auditory stimuli, [17] though these effects tend to be small and are largely consequent of the sensitivity to sensory receptors. [8]
Along with the visual ventral pathway being important for visual processing, there is also a ventral auditory pathway emerging from the primary auditory cortex. [20] In this pathway, phonemes are processed posteriorly to syllables and environmental sounds. [ 21 ]
Stimulus–response (S–R) compatibility is the degree to which a person's perception of the world is compatible with the required action. S–R compatibility has been described as the "naturalness" of the association between a stimulus and its response, such as a left-oriented stimulus requiring a response from the left side of the body.
The visual cortex refers to the primary visual cortex, labeled V1 or Brodmann area 17, as well as the extrastriate visual cortical areas V2-V5. [19] Located in the occipital lobe, V1 acts as the primary relay station for visual input, transmitting information to two primary pathways labeled the dorsal and ventral streams. The dorsal stream ...
Activation of the BNST by certain hormones is thought to promote a startle response [12] The auditory pathway for this response was largely elucidated in rats in the 1980s. [14] The basic pathway follows the auditory pathway from the ear up to the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (LLN) from where it activates a motor centre in the reticular ...
Two visual stimuli, inside someone's field of view, can be successfully regarded as simultaneous up to five milliseconds. [19] [20] [21] In the popular essay "Brain Time", David Eagleman explains that different types of sensory information (auditory, tactile, visual, etc.) are processed at different speeds by different neural architectures. The ...
Hubel and Wiesel showed that receptive fields and thus the function of cortical structures, as one proceeds out from V1 along the visual pathways, become increasingly complex and specialized. [76] From this it was postulated that information flowed outwards in a feed-forward fashion; the complex end products eventually binding to form a percept.
Skilled readers demonstrate longer reaction times when reading aloud irregular words that do not follow spelling-sound rules compared with regular words. [8] When an irregular word is presented, both the lexical and nonlexical pathways are activated but they generate conflicting information that takes time to be resolved.